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forensic biology > Exam 1 skeletal system > Flashcards

Exam 1 skeletal system Flashcards

to memorize the exam 1 questions on the human skeleton

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1
Q

Superior

A

Up

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2
Q

Inferior

A

down

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3
Q

Medial

A

towards the body midline

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4
Q

Lateral

A

away from the body midline

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5
Q

Proximal

A

up from the arm

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6
Q

Distal

A

Down from the arm

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7
Q

Anterior

A

poking the hips forwards

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8
Q

Posterior

A

Poking the butt out

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9
Q

what is the Axial skeleton

A

top part of the body including the (head, ribs, lower spine), not including hips or shoulders

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10
Q

what is the Appendicular skeleton

A

the limbs of the body (shoulders, arms, hips, legs)

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11
Q

Where is the hyoid bone

A

controls the tongue, not attached to any bones

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12
Q

Radius

A

forearm bone closest to the thumb

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13
Q

Ulna

A

Forearm bone closest to the pinky

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14
Q

Tibia

A

Shin bone closest to the big toe

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15
Q

fibula

A

closest bone to the pinky toe

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16
Q

What is compact bone?

A

hard outer layer of the bone that is smooth, dense, and homogenous

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17
Q

Spongy bone/trabecular bone

A

softer inner layer of bone that contains red bone marrow and increases the strength of the overall bone

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18
Q

Bone marrow

A

the soft tissue that surrounds the spongy bone inside of bones. It creates blood cells and contains stem cells; this all is an important part of a healthy immune system.

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19
Q

Long bones

A

longer than they are wide, have a shaft with heads on both ends; mostly contains compact bone. Like farmers, ulna, or radius

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20
Q

Epiphysis

A

ends of a long bone; thin layer of compact bone enclosing the spongy bone.

21
Q

Diaphysis (shaft)

A

Shaft of the bone

22
Q

Articular cartilage

A

the cartilage found on the bone (like with chicken); smooth and slippery, protects the joint surfaces

23
Q

Frontal skull bone

A

the front of the skull

24
Q

Parietal skull bone

A

sides of the skull

25
Q

temporal skull bone

A

below the parietal bone

26
Q

occipital skull bone

A

back of the head

27
Q

orbital skull bone

A

below the occipital bone

28
Q

maxilla skull bone

A

The upper lip area

29
Q

mandible skull bone

A

jaw

30
Q

nasal bones

A

nose bridge

31
Q

skull sutures

A

Lines where growing solid bones (like the skull) are connected together over time

32
Q

Fontanels

A

babies soft spots in their skulls where they haven’t fused together yet

33
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

where the axial skeleton (mostly upper half) and the appendicular (limbs) attach to the body

34
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

is formed by the bony pelvis along with the sacrum and coccyx. attaches the lower limbs to the upper body

35
Q

Fixed joint

A

When grown immovable bones (like the skull) fuse together, leaving sutures in its place

36
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Freely movable joints with cartilage like the hip or the elbow joints

37
Q

facet joints

A

flexible, loose connective tissues of the spine

38
Q

Fibrous joint

A

immovable, bones united by fibrous tissues (like ustures in the skull)

39
Q

Ossification

A

process of bone formation

40
Q

Osteoblasts

A

specilized growth cells that produce bone

41
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells trapped in bone tissue within osteons

42
Q

Osteoclasts

A

break down and remodels bone for regrowth

43
Q

what are the 6 types of fractures

A

simple
compound
greestick
comminucated
impacted
stress

44
Q

what is closed reduction of a fracture?

A

When the bone ends are but back into position by hand

45
Q

what is open reduction of a fracture

A

when the bone is put back by surgical methods

46
Q

what are the stages of bone healing?

A

Inflammation
soft callus
bony callus
remodeling

47
Q

What are the different types of bones?

A

flat
sesamoid
irregular
long
short
sutural

48
Q
A

forensic biology (9 decks)

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