Exam 1 SI Review Test

Question 1

the events of the French Revolution closely correspond with which of these historical devices?

Answer 1

pendulum model

Question 2

France was divided into three Estates. Why were the First and Second Estates so closely associated with each other?

Answer 2

The First Estate often sent their sons to join the Second Estate

Question 3

What was the most important special legal right held by the French nobility?

Answer 3

tax exemption

Question 4

Why did the French nobility have special rights that the rest of France did not have?

Answer 4

hereditary privilege

Question 5

Most of the French population was grouped into this category

Answer 5

Third Estate

Question 6

The urban working class in France during the time of the French Revolution were the

Answer 6

proletariat

Question 7

most of the tax burden of France was placed on the

Answer 7

peasants

Question 8

What was the cause of France’s extraordinary debt during the Financial Crisis?

Answer 8

funding the American Revolution

Question 9

What was the issue with Calonne’s land tax plan?

Answer 9

the tax would affect the powerful French nobility, and Louis did not want retaliation

Question 10

The sequence of the groups that Louis XVI called to pass his new land tax

Answer 10

Assembly of Notables - Parlement of Paris - Estates-General

Question 11

the main reason Louis did not want to call the Estates-General was because

Answer 11

they had not been called in ages, and he knew they would demand that he share power with them

Question 12

The Estates-General was finally called in this year, which marks the beginning of the French Revolution

Answer 12

1789

Question 13

T/F: voting in the E-G was totally fair and not rigged at all because each delegate got one vote and all the votes were counted individually.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

What was the main idea of the Tennis Court Oath?

Answer 14

The Third Estate pledged to meet wherever necessary until they had written a Constitution for France

Question 15

The Third Estate began calling themselves the _____ because they represented the majority of French people

Answer 15

National Assembly

Question 16

Why did the Parisian mob form?

Answer 16

the governor of the Bastille would not submit, so they formed to storm the fortress

Question 17

Bastille Day is

Answer 17

July 14

Question 18

During the Great Fear, the peasants in the countryside attacked the manor houses so they could destroy what?

Answer 18

the account books

Question 19

In response to the Great Fear the Constitution writers conspired to issue the ____ to free the French serfs from the system of _____, which was like manorialism

Answer 19

Decrees of August 4th

segneurialism

Question 20

who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

Answer 20

Marquis de Lafayette

Question 21

the first new government created by the National Assembly after finishing their constitution was the ______, which had a _____ style of government

Answer 21

Legislative Assembly

constitutional monarchy

Question 22

the republicans in the Legislative Assembly were divided into the ____ and ____

Answer 22

Girondists

Jacobins

Question 23

The Jacobins were____ and they were pro-_____. The Girondists were _____, and they were pro-_____

Answer 23

More radical, sans-culottes

less radical, middle class

Question 24

Who was the very un-charismatic, “Mr. Perfect” leader of the Jacobins who eventually led the Reign the Terror?

Answer 24

Robespierre

Question 25

Why did the Right in the Legislative Assembly want war with Austria and Prussia?

Answer 25

They wanted to credit this new government with defeating Austria and Prussia to prove it could work. So the revolution could stop.

Question 26

What was the new government created by the republicans because of the war with Austria and Prussia?

Answer 26

The National Convention

Question 27

The execution of the royal family at the hands of the Jacobins was especially important because

Answer 27

their deaths were symbolic of the death of the old regime

Question 28

Under the National Convention, France instituted the first modern draft to fight off the Austrians and Prussians. What is another name for a military draft?

Answer 28

conscription

Question 29

The citizen soldiers and the rest of the French people who were helping with the war effort were motivated by _______, which is pride in one's country, people, culture, etc

Answer 29

nationalism

Question 30

What was the motivation behind the Reign of Terror?

Answer 30

The Jacobins-led government were trying to purge France of any counter-revolutionaries

Question 31

What were the methods of indoctrination used during the Reign of Terror?

Answer 31

changing the calendar using propaganda to promote republican ideals using censorship to edit literature and newspapers to reflect Republican ideals

Question 32

France began to mimic the society of this ancient civilization

Answer 32

Roman Republic

Question 33

The rise of the Directory was a direct result of what?

Answer 33

Robespierre called for an expansion of the Reign of Terror and more executions

Question 34

Why was the power in the Directory distributed among a legislative body and a five-man committee?

Answer 34

To decrease the chances of extreme government taking hold

Question 35

Under the Directory, France began to "export" the ideas of the French Revolution. What was their motive to do this?

Answer 35

They thought it was their duty to spread Republican ideals. | They wanted a ring of "buffer state" republics around France.

Question 36

T/F: Napoleon Bonaparte was born into a lower-ranking noble Italian family on the island of Corsica?

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Why was Napoleon able to rise in French military rank so quickly?

Answer 37

Mad military skills | There was a shortage of military officers due to the Reign of Terror

Question 38

Napoleon's chief military strategy was known as

Answer 38

mass and mobility

Question 39

_____ was Napoleon's arch-nemesis who defeated him at both the _____ and the _______.

Answer 39

Admiral Nelson Battle of the Nile Battle of Trafalgar

Question 40

After his defeat at the Battle of the Nile, Napoleon returned to France and staged a ______ to overthrow the Directory and assume control of the government.

Answer 40

Coup d'etat | know how to spell

Question 41

Napoleon established the _______, had himself voted in as ______, and eventually was crowned ______.

Answer 41

Consulate Consul for Life Emperor

Question 42

Those states that Napoleon had conquered and reformed but not yet annexed into France were known as

Answer 42

The Ally States

Question 43

What were Napoleon's reforms?

Answer 43

metric system abolished serfdom enforced the equality of all men

Question 44

After his defeat by Britain at the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleon decided to use this to try to destroy Britain's economy.

Answer 44

the Continental System

Question 45

The most lasting effect of Napoleon's European empire

Answer 45

rise of nationalism, particularly with Germans and Italians

Question 46

T/F: Napoleon's economic warfare with Britain actually harmed his subjects and eroded their support for him.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

What is Geist?

Answer 47

the collective "spirit" of the German people

Question 48

The Russian strategy of ______ shattered Napoleon's military strategy and left his army at the mercy of the Russian winter.

Answer 48

Scorched Earth

Question 49

What happened when Napoleon rushed back to France following the failed Russian campaign?

Answer 49

he was met by the British military and exiled to Elba

Question 50

in arguably one of the best comebacks in world history, Napoleon put together an army of his old veterans, revolutionaries, etc. and marched north through France until his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. What was this event called, and who defeated him at Waterloo?

Answer 50

The Hundred Days / Duke of Wellington

Question 51

This event was an attempt by the former European heads of state to put continental Europe back together after the fall of Napoleon

Answer 51

Congress of Vienna

Question 52

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Answer 52

Britain

Question 53

What was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 53

perfected steam engine

Question 54

without this series of events, the Industrial Revolution probably would not have happened

Answer 54

Agricultural Revolution

Question 55

The population surge created by agricultural innovations resulted in a massive increase in _____ for cheap, mass produced goods

Answer 55

demand

Question 56

What was the main cause of the Energy Crisis in England?

Answer 56

running out of trees for charcoal

Question 57

What were the factors that contributed to England's leading the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 57

scientific and engineering talent / flexible financial and banking system / innovations in transportation methods

Question 58

What kind of government splits power between a monarch and a legislative body?

Answer 58

constitutional monarchy

Question 59

What is another name for a two-house legislative body?

Answer 59

bicameral

Question 60

Since Parliament produced pro-business policies and promoted industrial investment, who do you think was most likely voted into the House of Commons?

Answer 60

middle class industrialists and merchants

Question 61

Which of these was the first continental European country to industrialize?

Answer 61

Belgium

Question 62

Industrialization resulted in an _____, which is a massive influx of population into cities

Answer 62

urban shift

Question 63

Which of the following was a result of the influx of people into the cities?

Answer 63

increase in the workforce / disease epidemics / food shortages

Question 64

What caused the Great Stink of London?

Answer 64

pollution of air and water by factories / all of the human waste

Question 65

T/F: Entrepreneurs responded to the housing shortage by quickly building high quality and safe housing the working class

Answer 65

False

Question 66

The diet of industrial workers consisted mainly of _____ and ____, which, along with disease and hygiene issues, contributed to a very low life expectancy in England.

Answer 66

carbohydrates, fats

Question 67

What were the main differences between the type of work in the industrial world compared to what it was like in the countryside?

Answer 67

Industrial work was constant and very hard / countryside work was sporadic

Question 68

Women and children were used in the textile and mining industries because

Answer 68

They had small hands that could fit inside the delicate machinery / they were small enough to pull carts through small mine shafts / Factory owners could get away with paying them much lower wages

Question 69

T/F: Parliament eventually passed laws that raised the minimum wage for children to work and limited their daily work hours

Answer 69

True

Question 70

The new class of urban industrial workers was known as

Answer 70

proletariat

Question 71

Victorian womanhood was primarily concerned with

Answer 71

creating a serene environment in the home as a haven from the industrial world / mimicking Queen Victoria

Question 72

Enlightenment thinkers believed that the universe

Answer 72

was governed by natural laws / was like clock set in motion by God / could be understood by applying reason to everything

Question 73

Natural Law + reason =

Answer 73

progress

Question 74

What was a philosophe?

Answer 74

a French Enlightenment thinker

Question 75

What are the Natural Rights?

Answer 75

Life, liberty, property

Question 76

What is an example of Hereditary Privilege?

Answer 76

French nobility's tax exemption

Question 77

conservatives preferred _____ to ______

Answer 77

tradition / anarchy

Question 78

Classical liberals were major advocates of this type of economy

Answer 78

laissez-faire economy

Question 79

Liberals loved Freedom of Contract. Which of these best describes this concept?

Answer 79

Employers and employees could enter into any contract they saw fit

Question 80

Liberalism gradually declined primarily due to the formation of _____ and _____

Answer 80

The Communist Party / The Socialist Party

Question 81

Saint Simon and Charles Fourier are associated with this type of socialism

Answer 81

utopian socialism

Question 82

according to the Dialectic theory of history, a dominant culture known as the ____ eventually clashes with the ______. out of this class comes the ____, which then becomes the dominant culture

Answer 82

thesis / antithesis / synthesis

Question 83

according to Marx's Dialectical Materialism, the ____ consists of a society's cultural values, religion, political system, etc., while the ____ consists of the economic system

Answer 83

superstructure / substructure

Question 84

Marx saw "capitalism as theft" by using this theory of David Ricardo's

Answer 84

Labor Theory of Value

Question 85

Which German philosophers are associated with the Geist and nationalism?

Answer 85

Herder and Fichte

Question 86

What are the reasons that Prussia led German unification?

Answer 86

people liked the Hohenzollerns better than the Habsburgs / Prussia was part of the Zollverein / The Hohenzollerns allowed a representative assembly to form in Prussia

Question 87

Describe von Bismarck's Realpolitik

Answer 87

never committing to one ideology; changing when necessary

Question 88

Which dynasty ruled Prussia?

Answer 88

Hohenzollerns

Question 89

Which of these important territories did the Germans gain from their victory in the Franco-Prussian War?

Answer 89

Alsace-Lorraine

Question 90

What was instrumental in starting the Franco-Prussian War?

Answer 90

Ems Telegram

Question 91

How did markets influence the expansion of European imperial power?

Answer 91

European producers needed to dump their excess goods in colonial markets

Question 92

What technological advantage helped Europeans succeed in their imperial ambitions?

Answer 92

maxim gun / steamships / medical improvements such as quinine

Question 93

invented a new seed plow that oxygenated the soil for germination

Answer 93

Jethro Tull

Question 94

discovered that turnips returned nitrogen to the soil to keep it fertile

Answer 94

Turnip Townsend

Question 95

perfected the design of the steam engine

Answer 95

James Watt

Question 96

solved the Energy Crisis by inventing puddling and rolling

Answer 96

Henry Cort

Question 97

applied the steam engine to ceramic production; mass produced cheap dishes

Answer 97

Josiah Wedgwood

Question 98

major Conservative spokesman; wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France

Answer 98

Edmund Burke

Question 99

biiiig Natural Rights guy

Answer 99

John Locke

Question 100

classical economic theory

Answer 100

Adam Smith

Question 101

big utilitarianism guy

Answer 101

Jeremy Bentham

Question 102

wrote On Liberty and spoke about the Tyranny of the Majority

Answer 102

J.S. Mill

Question 103

studied population patterns throughout history; wrote Essay on Population

Answer 103

Thomas Malthus

Question 104

wrote about the Iron Law of Wages

Answer 104

David Ricardo

Question 105

thought everyone in society should take care of the workers

Answer 105

Saint Simon

Question 106

Phalanx; "from each according to his ability to each according to his needs"

Answer 106

Charles Fourier

Question 107

helped write The Communist Manifesto and wrote Das Kapital

Answer 107

Karl Marx

Question 108

Karl Marx's BFF who helped write The Communist Manifesto

Answer 108

Friedrich Engels

Question 109

originally came up with the ideas of the Dialectic

Answer 109

Hegel