Exam 1: Sensory Flashcards
List the 5 sensory receptors
5 sensory receptors:
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors
Electromagnetic receptors
Chemoreceptors
Function of Mechanoreceptors?
Function of Mechanoreceptors:
Detect mechanical compression or stretching of the receptor or of tissues adjacent to the receptor
Function of Thermoreceptors?
Function of Thermoreceptors:
Detect changes in temperature
*just cold and warm, not specific temperatures
Function of Nociceptors?
Function of Nociceptors:
Detect damage occurring in the tissues
Function of Electromagnetic receptors?
Electromagnetic receptors:
Detect light on the retina of the eye
Function of Chemoreceptors?
Function of Chemoreceptors:
Detect taste in the mouth, smell in the nose, oxygen level in the blood, osmolality of the body fluids, and carbon dioxide concentrations
Modality of senation refers to
Sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell
Labeled Line Principle:
_____ of nerve fibers for transmitting _____ _____ modality of sensation
Each receptor type is _____ specific to one _____ of stimulus
_____ _____ to other types of sensory stimuli
Different modalities of sensation depend on the _____ _____ in the CNS when a nerve fiber is stimulated (e.g. pain, touch, sight, sound)
Labeled Line Principle:
Specificity** of nerve fibers for transmitting **only one modality of sensation
Each receptor type is highly specific to one type of stimulus
Non-responsive to other types of sensory stimuli
Different modalities of sensation depend on the termination point in the CNS when a nerve fiber is stimulated (e.g. pain, touch, sight, sound)
What are the Mechanisms of Receptor Potential?
Mechanisms of Receptor Potential:
Mechanical deformation
Application of a chemical to the membrane
Change of temperature of the membrane
Electromagnatic radiation
receptor potentials:
When receptor potentials rise above _____ in the nerve fiber attached to the receptor, then _____ _____ occur
The more the receptor potential rises above _____ level, the greater the action potential _____
receptor potentials:
When receptor potentials rise above threshold in the nerve fiber attached to the receptor, then action potentials occur
The more the receptor potential rises above threshold level, the greater the action potential frequency
*AP are not graded! Onlytheirfrequency changes!
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/744/744/a_image_thumb.png?1452661485)
Adaptation of Receptors:
Adapt partially or completely to a _____ stimulus over _____.
Rapid adaptation and _____ adaptation
Adaptation of Receptors:
Adapt partially or completely to a constant stimulus over time.
(Some sensory receptors adapt to a greater extent than others)
Rapid adaptation and slow adaptation
*Note on image there is a large initial response where it starts lowering right away.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/744/883/a_image_thumb.png?1452661835)
Slow Adapting Fibers versus Fast Adapting Fibers:
Slow Adapting Receptors: detect _____ stimulus strength
Tonic receptors – transmit for many hours
Rapidly Adapting Receptors: detect _____ stimulus strength
Movement receptors
Slow Adapting Fibers versus Fast Adapting Fibers:
Slow Adapting Receptors: detect CONTINUOUS stimulus strength
Tonic receptors – transmit for many hours
Rapidly Adapting Receptors: detect CHANGE IN stimulus strength
Movement receptors
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/745/794/a_image_thumb.png?1452662030)
Spatial versus Temporal Summation:
Be able to recognize and understand the concepts
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/746/146/q_image_thumb.png?1452662814)
Spatial versus Temporal Summation:
Be able to recognize and understand the concepts
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/746/146/a_image_thumb.png?1452662808)
Which figure best represents the response of the most rapidly adapting receptor to the stimulus?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/746/285/q_image_thumb.png?1452663034)
Which figure best represents the response of the most rapidly adapting receptor to the stimulus?
B
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/746/285/a_image_thumb.png?1452663040)
Which figure best represents the response of the most slowly adapting receptor to the stimulus?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/746/749/q_image_thumb.png?1452663150)
Which figure best represents the response of the most slowly adapting receptor to the stimulus?
B
*Always keeps you aware of the stimulus
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/746/749/a_image_thumb.png?1452663157)
Which of the following statements best describes the receptor potential?
A. The receptor potential is always constant
B. The greater the intensity of the stimulus, the greater the change in receptor potential
C. Any change in the receptor potential will induce an action potential
D. Receptor excitation always involves depolarization of the receptor
Which of the following statements best describes the receptor potential?
B.
The greater the intensity of the stimulus, the greater the change in receptor potential
Which of the following statements concerning the mechanoreceptive potential are true?
A. An increase in stimulus energy results in an increase in receptor potential
B. When receptor potential rises above a certain threshold, action potentials will appear in the neuron attached to the receptor
C. The number of action potentials generated in the neuron attached to the receptor is proportional to the receptor potential
D. All of the above
Which of the following statements concerning the mechanoreceptive potential are true?
D.
All of the above
Which of the following is a characteristic of almost all sensory receptors?
A. The ability to perceive a mechanical force
B. The ability to be modulated by a change in temperature
C. The ability to be excited by the application of a chemical irritant
D. The ability to adapt to the stimulus
Which of the following is a characteristic of almost all sensory receptors?
D.
The ability to adapt to the stimulus
Name 3 Somatic senses:
Somatic senses:
Mechanoreceptive Somatic Sense
Thermoreceptive Sense
Pain Sense
Mechanoreceptive Somatic Sense:
_____ and _____ sensation stimulated by mechanical displacement of the tissue
Touch, pressure, vibration, “_____” senses, and _____ position and rate of movement
Mechanoreceptive Somatic Sense:
Tactile and position sensation stimulated by mechanical displacement of the tissue
Touch, pressure, vibration, “tickle” senses, and static position and rate of movement
Thermoreceptive Sense:
Detect _____ and _____
Thermoreceptive Sense:
Detect heat and cold
Pain Sense:
Activated by _____ _____ _____
Pain Sense:
Activated by damage to tissues
Tactile Receptors:
Understand the difference in the tactile receptors
*6 types we will need to know
(Free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscle, Expanded tip receptor, Tactile hair, Ruffini’s endings, Pacinian corpuscle)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/748/125/q_image_thumb.png?1452664374)
Tactile Receptors:
Understand the difference in the tactile receptors
*6 types we will need to know
(Free nerve endings, Meissner’s corpuscle, Expanded tip receptor, Tactile hair, Ruffini’s endings, Pacinian corpuscle)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/748/125/a_image_thumb.png?1452664382)
Free nerve endings
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/748/355/q_image_thumb.png?1452664558)
Free nerve endings:
found in skin and tissues
detect touch and pressure
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/175/748/355/a_image_thumb.png?1452664559)