Exam 1: Introductory Neuroanatomy Flashcards
•Be able to diagram the directional terms as they relate to brain anatomy. •Be able to name the lobes, gyri, sulci, and fissures on a picture or diagram of a brain. •Be able to locate the important functional regions of the cerebral cortex and describe what those regions do.
What does grey matter contain?
What are some examples of grey matter?
Contains:
neuron cell bodies, dendrites, initial unmylinated portons of axons, etc…
Examples:
Cerebral cortex, Cerebellar cortex, Nuclei, Ganglia, Inside of spinal cord
What does white matter contain?
What are some examples of white matter?
Contains:
mylinated axons, plus oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia
Examples:
Tract, Fascicle, Lemniscus, Bundle, Commissure
Identify the landmark
Lateral sulcus (fissure)
Identify the landmark
Central sulcus (lateral view)
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Central sulcus (medial view)
Identify the landmark
Longitudinal fissure
Identify the landmark
Frontal lobe (lateral view)
Identify the landmark
Parietal lobe (lateral view)
Identify the landmark
Temporal lobe (lateral view)
Identify the landmark
Occipital lobe (lateral view)
Identify the landmark
Parietal-Occipital sulcus (lateral view)
Identify the landmark
Pre-occipital notch (lateral view)
Identify the landmark
Frontal lobe (medial view)
Identify the landmark
Parietal lobe (medial view)
Identify the landmark
Temporal lobe (medial view)
Identify the landmark
Occipital lobe (medial view)
Identify the landmark
Limbic lobe (medial view)
aka Cingulate gyrus
Identify the landmark
Parietal-Occipital sulcus (medial view)
Identify the landmark
Insula
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Precentral gyrus
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Precentral sylcus
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Superior Frontal gyrus (lateral view)
Identify the landmark
Surperior Frontal sulcus
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Middle Frontal gyrus
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Inferior Frontal sulcus
Identify the landmark
Inferior Frontal gyrus
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Superior frontal gyrus (medial view)
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Paracentral lobule
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Marginal sulcus
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Cingulate sulcus
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Cingulate gyrus
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Postcentral gyrus
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Postcentral sulcus
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Intraparietal sulcus
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Superior parietal lobule
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Inferior parietal lobule
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Supramarginal gyrus
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Angular gyrus
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Precuneus
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Lateral occipital gyri
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Cuneus
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Calcarine sulcus
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Lingual gyrus
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Gyri breves
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Gyri longi
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Transverse temporal gyri (of Heschl)
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Superior temporal gyrus
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Superior temporal sulcus
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Middle temporal gyrus
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Middle temporal sulcus
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Inferior temporal gyrus
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Gyrus rectus
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Orbital gyri
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Uncus
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Parahippocampal gyrus
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Occipitotemporal sulcus (Inferior temporal sulcus)
Identify the landmark
Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
Identify the landmark
Collateral sulcus
Which structure is directly adjacent to the postcentral gyrus?
A. Angular gyrus
B. Lingual gyrus
C. Middle frontal gyrus
D. Middle temporal gyrus
E. Supramarginal gyrus
Answer to flip side Question:
E.
Supramarginal gyrus
Postcentral gyrus + Posterior paracentral gyrus
represent which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
3, 1, 2
Precentral gyrus + Anterior paracentral gyrus
represent which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
4
Pars opercularis
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
44
Pars triangularis
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
45
Pars orbitalis
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
47
Supramarginal gyrus
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
40
Angular gyrus
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
39
Cuneus
represents which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
17,18,19
Calcarine sulcus + Lingual gyrus
represent which Brodmann’s Area?
Identify the landmark representing Brodmann’s Area
17
Somatotopic organization
Topographically organized according to anatomical relationships
Sensory Homunculus
What we would look like if the amount of space in our brain dedicated to each of our body parts correlated with their actual size.
Function of:
Precentral Gyrus
Primary somatomotor cortex
Function of:
Postcentral Gyrus
Primary somatosensory cortex
Identify the landmark
Premotor cortex
Function of:
Premotor cortex
Initital and sequencing of movements
Identify the landmark
Frontal eye field
Identify the landmark
Prefrontal cortex
Identify the landmark
Broca’s area
Function of:
Frontal eye field
conscious eye movements
Function of:
Prefrontal cortex
intellect, problem solving, emotional control
Function of:
Broca’s area
motor speech
right side = emotional speech
Function of:
Frontal lobe
Restraint, Initiative, Order
Function of:
Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl
Primary auditory cortex
Identify the landmark
Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
Identify the landmark
Hippocampus
Identify the landmark
Lateral temporal lobe
Function of:
Occipitotemporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)
Recognition of faces and expressions
Function of:
Hippocampus
Infolding of the cortex responsible for
short-term declarative memory
Modulation of aggression
(removed in patient H.M.)
Function of:
Lateral temporal lobe
right = objects and faces
left = language
Wernicke’s area (Brodmann’s area 22)
Which of the following is the most accurate way to describe the location of the cingulate gyrus?
A. Caudal to the parieto-occipital sulcus
B. Dorsal to the superior temporal gyrus
C. Ventral to the intraparietal sulcus
D. Ventral to the superior frontal gyrus
Answer to flip side Question:
D.
Ventral to the superior frontal gyrus
Function of:
Cingulate gyrus
Part of the limbic system
Controls emotions
Regulation of visceral processes
Learning
motor area = genuine facial expressions
Identify the regions responsible for smile of each picture
Left = Primary motor cortex
Right = Cingulate motor area
Identify the landmark
Primary visual cortex
Function of area around:
Calcarine sulcus
Primary visual cortex
Identify the landmark
Hypothalamus
Identify the landmark
Thalamus
Identify the landmark
Epithalamus
Identify the landmark
Diencephalon
Function of:
Hypothalamus
Maintains homeostasis for things such as sleep, metabolism, sexual drive, hormone secretion, autonomics, etc…
Function of:
Thalamus
Relay for sensory information
Function of:
Epithalamus
Pineal body in this region regulates sleep
Identify the landmark
Midbrain
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Pons
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Medulla
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Brainstem
Function of:
Brainstem
Contains nuclei that regulate cranial nerve functions and regulate visceral functions
Ascending and descending tracts and decussations
Identify the landmark
Cerebellum
Function of:
Cerebellum
Modulates motor output (coordination)
Balance
Learned movements
Learned response to stimuli
Identify the landmark
Corpus Callosum
Identify the landmark
Fornix
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Anterior commissure
Identify the landmark
Posterior commissure
