Exam 1 Review - The Inguinal Region Flashcards
What structure does not enter or leave the inguinal region by passing deep to the inguinal canal?
Obturator nerve
An indirect inguinal hernia may occur when the processus vaginalis remains patent, and an internal organ pass through the ______ ________ ____.
Deep inguinal ring
Note: Indirect inguinal hernias occur lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. An organ can even pass completely through the inguinal canal (through both rings!) and lie in the scrotum.
A direct inguinal hernia may occur when the internal organ pushes through the ____ ______ ____ without traversing the inguinal canal.
Superficial inguinal ring
Note: Direct inguinal hernias occur medial to the inferior epigastric vessels, in an area called Hesselbach’s triangle.
The cremasteric reflex is a contraction of the cremasteric muscle after stroking the inner thigh, resulting in a lifting of the scrotum and testis on the side stroked. What nerve is responsible for this response?
Efferent fibers of the genitofemoral nerve
Note: Muscle supplied by the cremasteric artery from the inferior epigastric artery
What ligament (in females) passed through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora?
Round ligament of the uterus
The posterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by what three structures?
Transversalis fascia; Conjoint tendon (medial 1/3); Reflected inguinal ligament of external abdominal oblique (medial 1/3)
The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by what two structures?
External abdominal oblique over entire length;
internal abdominal oblique on lateral one-third
The floor of the inguinal canal is formed by what two ligaments of the external abdominal oblique?
Inguinal ligament; lacunar ligament
The roof of the inguinal canal is formed by arched fibers of what two structures?
Internal abdominal oblique muscle;
transversus abdominus
The superficial (external) ring of the inguinal canal is an opening in the aponeurosis of _______ muscle?
External oblique muscle
The deep (internal) ring of the the inguinal canal is an opening in the _________ ?
Transversalis fascia
When abdominal contents put pressure on the transversalis fascia, an internal organ may traverse the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The contents of the hernia are located between what two fascial layers?
Internal spermatic fascia and cremasteric fascia
On the left side the pampiniform plexus drains into what vein?
Left renal vein
What is a terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Superior rectal artery
In 30% of cases, the obturator artery is anomalous and in danger of being divided when a strangulated femoral hernia is surgically corrected. In these instances, what artery does the obturator arise from?
Inferior epigastric artery or external iliac artery.
Note: An anomalous obturator runs close to or across the femoral ring.
An inflamed ovary can cause pain where?
On the medial thigh
What are four chief supports of the uterus?
- Levator ani muscles
- Perineal body
- Transverse cervical ligament
- Sacrouterine ligaments
The uterine artery crosses the ureter within what ligament?
Cardinal ligament
What three structures are enclosed by the broad ligaments?
Uterine Tubes
Ovarian ligaments
Round ligament
The superior gluteal artery separates what two nerve structures?
The lumbosacral trunk and the ventral ramus of S1
What nerve passes along the ovarian fossa between the pelvic wall and the ovary?
Obturator nerve
Where does the lymphatic drainage of the ovary proceed?
Para-aortic (lumbar) nodes
In females, the lowest part of the peritoneal cavity is the ______________ ______.
Uterorectal pouch
Lymphatic vessels from the upper limbs converge on the ______ nodes; lymphatic vessels from the lower limbs converge on the _______ nodes.
Upper limb - axillary nodes; lower limb - inguinal nodes
