Exam #1: Putting It All Together

Question 1

What are the five basic steps to EBM?

Answer 1

1) Ask answerable question
2) Search for evidence
3) Evaluate evidence
4) Integrate and apply evidence
5) Evaluate results

Question 2

Where is the best and most up-to-date information available today?

Answer 2

Electronic/online

Question 3

What is the mnemonic to remember the elements of a searchable question?

Answer 3

PICO=

P- Patient
I- Intervention
C- Comparison intervention
O- Outcome of interest

Question 4

What is the “basis” for EBM?

Answer 4

Asking truly answerable questions

Question 5

What are the primary types of research studies?

Answer 5

Diagnosis 
Therapy 
Harm/Etiology 
Prognosis 
Cost

Question 6

What are the secondary types of research studies?

Answer 6

Systematic reviews/ meta-analyses

Question 7

Outline the “hierarchy of evidence.”

Answer 7

1) Systematic review of RCT
2) RCT
3) Prospective studies
4) Retrospective studies
5) Cross-sectional survey
6) Case series
7) Case reports

Question 8

What is the best study design to evaluate a therapy/ intervention?

Answer 8

RCT

Question 9

What are the best study designs for etiology and risk studies?

Answer 9

Case-control
Cohort study
RCT

Question 10

What is the best study design to evaluate a diagnostic test?

Answer 10

Cross-sectional study/ verification study

Question 11

What is the best study design to evaluate a prognosis/prediction?

Answer 11

Cohort study

Case-control study

Question 12

What are prognosis studies seeking information about?

Answer 12

Possible outcomes of a disease or condition

Question 13

What is the Cochrane Collaboration?

Answer 13

BEST source for systematic reviews