Exam #1: Appraising Harm/Risk/Etiology Studies

Question 1

What are the two types of studies used to investigate harm and etiology?

Answer 1

• Cohort studies (prospective)

- Case-control studies (retrospective studies)

Question 2

Generally, what question are harm and etiology studies asking?

Answer 2

What happens/ed as a result of an exposure?

Question 3

What are the questions that should be asked to determine if a harm/etiology study is valid?

Answer 3

• Question clearly defined?
• Clear comparison groups with similar demographics?
• Were exposure and outcome measured in the same way?
• Was follow-up sufficiently long and complete?
• Does the suggested cause make sense?

Question 4

What does a cohort study use to estimate risk?

Answer 4

Relative risk

Question 5

What does a case-control study use to estimate risk?

Answer 5

Odds ratio

Question 6

What is the formula for relative risk (RR)?

Answer 6

[a/(a+b)]/[c/c+d)]

Question 7

What is the formula for odds ratio?

Answer 7

AD/BC