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Organismal Bio 111 > Exam 1 - Outline 3 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Outline 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Taxonomy

  • __________ = Arrangement
  • Nomia = __________
A
  • Taxis

- Method

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2
Q

Taxonomy

  • Taxis = __________
  • __________ = Method
A
  • Arrangement

- Nomia

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3
Q

__________ = A method of arrangement

A

Taxonomy

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4
Q

Taxonomy = A method of __________

A

arrangement

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5
Q

In biology taxonomy refers to the method of naming and __________ living things

A

classifying

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6
Q

-Taxonomy-

The living organisms that people name are __________

A

species

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7
Q

-Taxonomy-

The living organisms that people name are species

-the fundamental __________ of classification

A

unit

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8
Q

__________ -

-Distinguishes a species by using distinctive external features that separate the organisms

A

Morphological Species Concept

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9
Q

Morphological Species Concept-

-Distinguishes a species by using distinctive __________ features that separate the __________

A
  • external

- organisms

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10
Q

Morphological Species Concept-

Ex; bird – __________, body, shape, __________, sound

A
  • size

- color

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11
Q

Morphological Species Concept-

Works for both sexual and asexual species, but relies on __________ criteria

A

subjective

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12
Q

__________ -

A group of populations whose members have the potential to inter-bread in nature and produce viable fertile offspring, but they do not produce viable fertile offspring with members of other such groups

A

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept

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13
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

A group of populations whose members have the potential to __________ in nature and produce viable fertile offspring, but they do not produce viable fertile __________ with members of other such groups

A
  • inter-bread

- offspring

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14
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

A group of populations whose members have the potential to inter-bread in nature and produce __________ fertile offspring, but they __________ produce viable fertile offspring with members of other such groups

A
  • viable

- do not

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15
Q
  • Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

- assuming interbreeding groups are doing so without __________ involvement (aka: __________ )

A
  • human

- naturally

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16
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

depends on reproductive __________

A

isolation

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17
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

depends on reproductive isolation-
-existence of biological factors “barriers” that impede members of two species from successfully __________

A

inter-breeding

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18
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

  1. __________ barrier
  2. __________ barriers
A
  • Pre-zygotic

- Post-zygotic

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19
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

  1. Pre-zygotic barrier (__________ )
A

before the zygote

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20
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

  1. Post-zygotic barriers (__________ )
A

after the zygote

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21
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

__________ -
-habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation

A
  1. Pre-zygotic barrier
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22
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

  1. Pre-zygotic barrier
    - habitat isolation, __________ isolation, behavioral isolation, __________ isolation, gametic isolation
A
  • temporal

- mechanical

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23
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

  1. Pre-zygotic barrier
    - __________ isolation, temporal isolation, __________ isolation, mechanical isolation, __________ isolation
A
  • habitat
  • behavioral
  • gametic
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24
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

__________ barriers

  • reduced hybrid viability
  • reduced hybrid fertility
  • hybrid breakdown
A
  1. Post-zygotic
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25
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

  1. Post-zygotic barriers
  • reduced hybrid __________
  • reduced hybrid fertility
  • hybrid __________
A
  • viability

- breakdown

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26
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

2 types of reproductive isolation:

  1. Post-zygotic barriers
  • reduced hybrid viability
  • reduced hybrid __________
  • hybrid breakdown
A

fertility

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27
Q

-Biological (or genetic) Species Concept-

Limitations/Problems:

-No way to determine __________ isolation for fossils, __________ reproduction

A
  • reproductive

- asexual

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28
Q

__________ -

views species in terms of their ecological niche

A

-Ecological Species Concept

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29
Q

-Ecological Species Concept-

__________ : Sum of species use of biotic and abiotic resources in it’s environment

A

Ecological niche

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30
Q

-Ecological Species Concept-

Ecological niche: Sum of species use of __________ and __________ resources in it’s environment

A
  • biotic

- abiotic

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31
Q
  • Ecological Species Concept-

- views species in terms of their __________ niche

A

ecological

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32
Q

-Ecological Species Concept-

This concept applies to __________ and __________ species

A
  • sexual

- asexual

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33
Q

-Phylogenetic Species Concept-

Views species as the smallest group of individuals on a __________-

A

Phylogenetic tree

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34
Q

__________ Species Concept-

This applies to sexual and asexual species

A

Phylogenetic

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35
Q

-Phylogenetic Species Concept-

Limitation: It’s difficult to determine the degree of __________ required for separate species

A

difference

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36
Q

Scientific Nomenclature (nomenclature = __________ )

A

naming

37
Q

Common names are __________

A

ambiguous

38
Q

Common names are ambiguous

- different __________

A

languages

39
Q

a species common throughout the world could have hundreds or thousands of different __________ names

A

common

40
Q

__________ names:

Ex; rollie pollie > pill bug > potato bug > isopod

A

Common

41
Q

Common names can be __________
Ex; FISHES:
Jellyfish, Shellfish, crayfish, bluegill, catfish, dogfish

A

misleading

42
Q
  • Same common name can apply to __________ species
A

multiple

43
Q

Most organisms are __________ or not commonly recognized

A

uncommon

44
Q

most biologist believe that there are at least ___ million species but perhaps more than ___ million

A
  • 5

- 30

45
Q
  • approximately only ___ million organisms have scientific names (about 800,000 are insects)
A

2

46
Q
  • approximately only 2 million organisms have __________ names (about 800,000 are insects)
A

scientific

47
Q

there are - tens of thousands of known organisms WITHOUT __________ names

A

common

48
Q

Karl Linne – Swedish physician and naturalist

-Came up with a __________ naming system: the Binomial System (_____)

A
  • 2 word

- 1753

49
Q

__________ – Swedish physician and naturalist

-Came up with a 2 word naming system: the Binomial System (1753)

A

Karl Linne

50
Q

Species

= __________ + specific epithet

A

genus name

51
Q

Species

= genus name + __________

A

specific epithet

52
Q

__________
= genus name + specific epithet

i. Ex; African Elephant
Loxodonta africana

A

Species

53
Q

__________ – group, generic name – always a noun

A

Genus

54
Q

Genus – group, __________ name – always a __________

A
  • generic

- noun

55
Q

__________ = species adjective describing the noun

A

Specific epithet

56
Q

Specific epithet = species __________ describing the noun

A

adjective

57
Q

Scientific Nomenclature:

If you were to see the genus name followed by “sp.” – That would mean an unspecified __________ within a gene

A

species

58
Q

Scientific Nomenclature:

Generic name can be used alone but not the __________

A

specific epithet

59
Q

Scientific Nomenclature:

Generic name is always __________ but not the specific epithet;

A

capitalized

60
Q

Scientific Nomenclature:

species names are always __________ or italicized, even if you are only using the generic name (genus)

A

underlined

61
Q

Generic name can be __________ once it has been previously used
Ex; L. Africana

A

abbreviated

62
Q

__________ -

Looking at organisms we can see that species can be placed into groups that share common characteristics that distinguish them from other groups of species

A

-Hierarchies of Classification

63
Q

-All organisms are grouped by their similar traits into a hierarchy of categories; these categories are called __________

A

taxa

64
Q

__________ : one category or group

__________ : more than one category/group

A
  • Taxon

- Taxa

65
Q

Taxon: __________ category or group
Taxa: __________ category/group

A
  • one

- more than one

66
Q

Major __________ Categories

  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
A

Taxonomic

67
Q

__________ : technically the top category; above kingdom

A

Domain

68
Q

Domain: technically the top category; above __________

A

kingdom

69
Q

3 Domains:

  • 2 __________
  • ___ Eukaryotic
A
  • Prokaryotic

- 1

70
Q

3 Domains:

  • ___ Prokaryotic
  • 1 __________
A
  • 2

- Eukaryotic

71
Q

3 Domains:

  • __________
  • Achaea (Ancient bacteria)
  • Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
A

Bacteria (True Bacteria)

72
Q

3 Domains:

  • Bacteria (True Bacteria)
  • __________
  • Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
A

Achaea (Ancient bacteria)

73
Q

3 Domains:

  • Bacteria (True Bacteria)
  • Achaea (Ancient bacteria)
  • __________
A

Eukarya (Eukaryotes)

74
Q

3 Domains:

  • Bacteria (__________)
  • Achaea (Ancient bacteria)
  • Eukarya (__________)
A
  • True Bacteria

- Eukaryotes

75
Q

3 Domains:

  • Bacteria (True Bacteria)
  • Achaea (__________)
  • Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
A

Ancient bacteria

76
Q

-Additional Taxonomic Categories-

Biologists added the “Super” & “Sub” categories for each of the above categories.

“__________” added to phylum & species
“__________” added to class & family

A
  • Sub

- Super

77
Q

-Additional Taxonomic Categories-

Biologists added the “Super” & “Sub” categories for each of the above categories.

“Sub” added to __________ & species
“Super” added to __________ & family

A
  • phylum

- class

78
Q

-Classification systems are always open to __________

A

debate

79
Q

-New evidence inspires new ideas that must be __________ & debated

A

tested

80
Q

-Taxonomy is __________

A

subjective

81
Q

2 major groups of biologists-

  • __________ : look at similarities and want to group those organisms together
  • __________ : look at the differences and want to create new groups or group separately
A
  • Lumpers

- Splitters

82
Q

2 major groups of biologists-

  • Lumpers: look at __________ and want to group those organisms together
  • Splitters: look at the __________ and want to create new groups or group separately
A
  • similarities

- differences

83
Q

2 major groups of biologists-

  • Lumpers: look at similarities and want to group those organisms __________
  • Splitters: look at the differences and want to create new groups or group __________
A
  • together

- separately

84
Q

eu means __________

A

true

85
Q

Kingdom Variables

  1. __________
  2. Cell Associations
  3. __________
A
  • Cell Structure

- Nutrition

86
Q

Kingdom Variables

  1. Cell Structure
  2. __________
  3. Nutrition
A

Cell Associations

87
Q

Where to put bacteria?

Some can swim = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
Some are autotrophs = plants
Cell walls = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • animal

- plants

88
Q

Where to put bacteria?

Some can swim = animal
Some are autotrophs = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
Cell walls = plants
A

plants

Organismal Bio 111 (8 decks)

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