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Neuromus 1 > exam 1: neuro exam > Flashcards

exam 1: neuro exam Flashcards

1
Q

what the three parts of balance

A

static standing balance
dynamic standing balance
walking balance

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2
Q

functional skills included

A

bed mobility
STS
transfers
walking
stairs
hands and arm use

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3
Q

basic function - mental exam

A

LOC
orientation

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4
Q

complex function - mental exam

A

language
memory
sensory perception

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5
Q

meta-cognition - mental exam

A

executive functioning
self awareness

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6
Q

what is seen through the entire mental exam

A

mood and motivation

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7
Q

receptive lang

A

the pt is asked to follow commands in order to demo that they can understand the meaning of what they have heard

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8
Q

expressive lang

A

the pt performs a task that requires spontaneous speech or writing
naming objects
repeating phrases

noting the fluency and correctness of words

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9
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

when someone is able to speak well and use long sentences, but what they say may not make sense, world salad

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10
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

a condition where a person may understand speech, but they have difficulty speaking fluently themselves

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11
Q

Global aphasia

A

may only say a few words, such as “no” or “hey” or “what”, or they may speak in “stereotypies”.

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12
Q

short term memory is in what part of the brain

A

temporal lobe

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13
Q

how can you test STM

A

say three words

immediately and 5 min recall

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14
Q

where working memory and abstract reasoning stored in brain

A

frontal lobe

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15
Q

how to test abstract reasoning

A

the pt is asked to solve problem

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16
Q

restorative approaches

A

strategy training program
cognitive exercise program

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17
Q

compensatory approches

A

habit training
enviro adaptation

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18
Q

what are field cuts

A

specific regions where pt have lost the ability to see

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19
Q

near point convergence - accommodation

A

this is an auto response of the eyes to move to focus the image on the fovea of the eye

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20
Q

what can you do to look at the oculomotor reflex

A

eye movement
NPC - accommodation
movement of the upper eyelid
light reflex

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21
Q

what do you do to test the cochlear portion of VC

A

snap test and whisper test
looking at the organ of corti

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22
Q

what do you do to test the vestibular portion of VC

A

semicircular canals, utricle and saccule

gaze stabilization

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23
Q

what does horizontal and vertical VOR look at

A

pt ability to maintain stable gaze with head turns

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24
Q

what is the head impulse test looking at

A

passive vestibular-ocular reflex

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25
Q

what are signs of a lesion to glosso and vagus

A

loss of taste
loss of gag reflex
dysphagia - pt have a hard time swallowing

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26
Q

action of vagus

A

motor to the pharynx and larynx, and involuntary muscle of the air ways

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27
Q

actions of glosso

A

sensory and taste to post 1/3 of the tongue, pharynx and soft palate

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28
Q

what do we see if there is a issue with spinal accessory

A

shoulder droop
muscle atrophy of SCM and traps

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29
Q

what is the trigeminal system for

A

sensation to the face

tested in the cranial nerve exam

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30
Q

spine nerve will have what kind of distribution

A

dermatonal distribution

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31
Q

peri nerve lesion distribution

A

peri nerve distribution

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32
Q

polyneuropathy

A

many nerves in different parts of the body are involved

33
Q

polyneuropathy distribution

A

this will have a stocking and glove distribution because the longest axons are the most effected - dying back rule

34
Q

ST is responsible for what

A

pain and temp

35
Q

DCML is responsible for what

A

JPS
vibration
kinesthesia

36
Q

what is stereognosis

A

the mental perception of depth or three-dimensionality by the senses

usually in reference to the ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch.

37
Q

what is testing in cortical discrimination

A

stereognosis
two-point discrimination
touch localization

38
Q

superficial sensations

A

pain perception

temp awarness

39
Q

deep senses

A

JPS
vibration
kinesthesia

40
Q

what is graphesthesia

A

the ability to recognize symbols when they’re traced on the skin

41
Q

what makes up the motor cortex

A

primary cortex
premotor cortex
supplemental motor areas

42
Q

subcortical nuclei

A

BG
dorsal thalamus
red nucleus
vestibular nuclei
reticular nuclei

43
Q

cortical-spinal tract - main influence

A

motor neurons that innervate muscles of distal extremities

motor neuron in the lateral part of the ventral horn

44
Q

CST collaterals

A

modulate and control the indirect BS motor centers that axial and antigravity neurons

this allows for the right amount of supporting tone

45
Q

what is the direct pathway for motor control

A

the CST

46
Q

what is the indirect pathway for motor control

A

brainstem motor control centers

47
Q

what is the function of brainstem motor control centers

A

tonically activate LMN that innervate axial and antigravity muscles

motor neurons that are in the medial part of the ventral horn

48
Q

what are the three brainstem motor control centers

A

rubrospinal tract
vestibulospinal tract
recticulospinal tract

49
Q

what are the parts of the motor

A

tone
PROM
AROM
reflexes
involuntary movement
muscle mass

50
Q

what are the two types of hypertonia

A

spasticity
rigidity

51
Q

what is dystonia

A

characterized by involuntary (unintended) muscle contractions that cause slow repetitive movements or abnormal postures that can sometimes be painful.

52
Q

what is spasticity - UMN or LMN issue

A

UMN

53
Q

what is spasticity due to - what pathway is affected

A

corticalspinal pathways in the cere, BS, or motor pathways in the SC

54
Q

rigidity - presents as

A

resistance to passive movements

55
Q

rigidity is often seen with what

A

parkinsons

56
Q

hypotonia is seen with LMN or UMN issue and

A

LMN
vetsibular center
cere

57
Q

can muscle strength alone tell you about motor function

A

no

58
Q

movement coordination deficits due to hypokinesia

A

altered movement timing and amount

59
Q

what are action tremors

A

tremors that are exaggerated at the end of voluntary movement

can be present at the start or through the entire movement

the tremor with often go away when the affected body part is at rest

60
Q

fasciculations

A

muscle twitch

61
Q

fasciculations are caused by

A

ant horn cell and motor unit firing without a stimulus

can see but do not move the joint

62
Q

fibrillation

A

small firing of a muscle fiber seen with an EMG
this is a sign of a patho

signs of neuropathy

63
Q

balance core outcomes

A

BERG
FGA
ABC

64
Q

deficit in a peripheral vestibular nerve and ocular movements

A

A deficit in a peripheral vestibular nerve WILL NOT
present with abnormal oculomotor function

65
Q

An abnormality in oculomotor function is indicative of what kind of involvement

A

central involvement

66
Q

Dysarthria

A

difficulty speaking because the muscles you use for speech are weak

67
Q

Dysphagia

A

swallowing difficulties.

68
Q

cere and ocular movement

A

the cere fine tunes eye movements

69
Q

role of the dorsal oculomotor vermis (OMV)

A

receives information about
performance during saccades and
adjusts as needed to assure the
saccade arrives on target

70
Q

OMV lesions lead to what

A

hypometric and
hypermetric saccades

71
Q

are imparied sacccades a central or peri sign

A

central sign

72
Q

three systems that contribute to balance

A

visual, vestibular, and sensory

73
Q

what outcome can you use to look at static balance

A

Berg
m-CTSIB
mini-best

74
Q

what outcome can you use to look at dynamic balance

A

BERG
mini-BEST
standing reach

75
Q

is a ball toss dynamic or static balance

A

dynamic

76
Q

push and release test - static or dynamic balance

A

static balance

77
Q

weight shifting - static or dynamic

A

dynamic

78
Q

Timed walking tests

A

Timed Up and Go (TUG)
* 10 Meter Walk Test (10mWT)
* Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT)

Neuromus 1 (15 decks)

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