Exam 1: Language Development in infancy and Toddlerhood Flashcards
Stage: Intentional Vocalizations
First couple months
-Cooing=gurgling, musical vocalization; getting speech systems ready
-Taking turns vocalizing with someone else (reciprocity)
Stage: Babbling and Gesturing
4-6 M
Connecting vocalizations and gestures
-gestures may be easier for some babies
Stage: understanding
10 M
Can understand more speech than what can be communciated
Stage: Holophrasic speech
12-13M
Holophrases: partial or single words to convey though (ie. ju for juice)
Stage: Telegraphic speech
18 M
-Combining two words (ie. baby bye-bye)
Underextension
After learning that a word stands for a specific object, may think that word only stands for that object (ie, only family dog is a doggie)
Overextension
After learning a word, think it applies to more things than it does (ie. every animal is a doggie)
Language Milestone: responds to own name
6 months
Language Milestone: makes a lot of different sounds (mamamam, bababab)
9 months
Language Milestone: use of first words
1 year
Language Milestone: points to get the attention of others, can follow one step verbal commands without any gestures
18 m
Says sentences with 2-4 words
2 yrs
Child-Directed Speech
Exaggerated sounds, high-pitched voice, using lots of facial expressions
-it works to get child to pay attention to the speaker
Skinner’s theory of language development
language develops through operant conditioning (reinforcement)
Chomsky’s theory of language development
infants have an innate language acquisition device that makes them ready for language (nativism)
Social Pragmatics theory of language development
children learn language because they have to communicate and do so by hearing others use language
Long-term memory
final, permanent stage of memory
Long term memory: explicit memory/declarative memory
show that you know by saying it includes facts and events
Long term memory: semantic memory
facts
Long term memory: episodic memory
events and specific moments in one’s life
Long term memory: implicit memory
procedural memory for actions, skills, habits, priming, conditioning
Short term memory
sensory, motor, cognitive
