Exam 1: Genetics Flashcards
Epigenetic framework
mechanism for nature, nurture integration
Environment susceptibility to genes: passive-genotype environment correlation
Inherit genes from parents and in someways also inherit their environments
ie. parents are athletic: children receive these traits biologically and are also born into an athletic environment
Environment susceptibility to genes: Evocative-genotype environment correlation
How the environment reacts to individuals based on inherited traits
ie. enthusiastic/outgoing kids get a lot of attention
Environment susceptibility to genes: Active-genotype environment correlation
individuals seek out environments that support their genetics
ie. athletic kids seek out athletic environments
Genetic susceptibility to environment: Genotype-environment interactions
Environment impacts genetic expression
-outcomes are different for kids adopted from birth parents with psychopathy based on the adoptive parenting style
Genotype
genetic makeup
Phenotype
observable traits
Homozygous
The copies of a gene on each chromosome are the same (one from mom, one from dad are the same )
Heterozygous
The copies of a gene on each chromosome are different (different genes from mom and dad)
Dominant
Only need one of the gene (ie. one from mom OR one from dad) for the phenotype to be present
Recesive
Need both version of gene (one from dad AND one from mom) for the phenotype to be present
Achondroplasia
Dominant Disorder
Albinism
Recessive Disorder
Sex-linked disorders
Associated with the x or y chromosome
ie. fragile x syndrome
-more common with boys
Chromosomal Disorders
alteration in number of chromosomes
ie. trisomy 9: 3 copies of chromosome 9
Sex-linked chromosomal Disorders
Alteration in number of x or y chromosomes
ie. triple x syndrome
The germinal period
From fertilization to implantation; 14 days
-less than half of zygotes survive
The Embryonic Period
Week 3-8
Placenta allowing transportation of nutrients and oxygen to embryo
Cells continue to differentiate
-20% fail
Cephalocaudal development
Development occurs first towards then head and then towards the tail
Proximodistal development
Development occurs from the midline (center of body) outward
The fetal period
Many things developing
Teratogens
Environmental factors that can contribute to birth defects
Teratogens Factors
Timing (critical periods), amount, number of different teratogens, genetics, M or F
Teratogens Categories
Physical: heat, hot tub
Metabolic: malnutrition
Infections
Drugs and Chemicals
