Exam 1: Ionic and Molecular Nomenclature

Question 1

Ionic (binary) compounds

Answer 1

name of cation (metal) + base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide

KCl –> potassium chlorIDE
CaO –> calcium oxIDE

Question 2

Ionic (polyatomic) compounds

Answer 2

name of cation (metal) + name of polyatomic compound (functional groups)

Question 3

Ionic (transition metal) compounds

Answer 3

• determine charge of cation from known charge of ion
• cation charge = [-(anion subscript)(anion charge)]/(cation subscript)
• indicate charge using roman numerals in parenthesis

Chromium (III) bromide

Question 4

mono - (molecular)

Answer 4

one

Question 5

di - (molecular)

Answer 5

two

Question 6

tri - (molecular)

Answer 6

three

Question 7

tetra - (molecular)

Answer 7

four

Question 8

penta - (molecular)

Answer 8

five

Question 9

hexa - (molecular)

Answer 9

six

Question 10

hepta - (molecular)

Answer 10

seven

Question 11

octa - (molecular)

Answer 11

eight

Question 12

nona - (molecular)

Answer 12

nine

Question 13

deca - (molecular)

Answer 13

ten

Question 14

Molecular (binary) compounds

Answer 14

prefix + name of first element + prefix + base name of second element + -ide

• if first element is singular, no prefix
• cannot reduce the formula, yields a different substance

NO2 –> nitrogen DIoxIDE
N2O –> DInitrogen MONoxIDE
NI3 –> nitrogen TRIodIDE

Question 15

Binary acids

Answer 15

hydro + base name of nonmetal + -ic + acid

• will start with H
• only 4

HCl –> HYDROchlorIC ACID
HBr –> HYDRObromIC ACID
HI –> HYDROiodIC ACID
HF –> HYDROfluorIC ACID

Question 16

Oxoacids

Answer 16

base name of oxyanion + -ic/-ous + acid

• contain hydrogen and an oxyanion (anion containing nonmetal + oxygen)
• if ends in -ate = use -ic
• if ends in -ite = use -ous

Question 17

Empirical Formula

Answer 17

simplest whole number ration of the atoms found in a compound

Question 18

Molecular Formula

Answer 18

exact number of each type of atom found in a compound

Question 19

Structural Formula

Answer 19

• exact number of each type of atom found in a compound
• exact manner in which those atoms are bound together

Question 20

atomic elements

Answer 20

exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

Question 21

molecular elements

Answer 21

exist in nature with as molecules (one or more atom combined together)

• diatomic (2 atoms): H2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2
• polyatomic (many atoms): P4, S8

Question 22

molecular compounds

Answer 22

composed of two or more nonmetals (H2O, etc.)

Question 23

ionic compounds

Answer 23

composed of a cation (metal) and an anon (nonmetal)

• monatomic (ion of one atom): Cl-, O2-, N3-
• polyatomic (ion of multiple atoms): SO4 2-, PO4 3-