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Chemistry > Exam 1: Intro/Matter/Atoms > Flashcards

Exam 1: Intro/Matter/Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first scientific discipline with theoretical principals that are also applied to something?

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

What are 2 other examples of theoretical disciplines?

A

Physics and Math

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3
Q

Define chemistry

A

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes

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4
Q

T/F There is no crossover between different chemical disciplines

A

False

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5
Q

What do physical chemists focus on?

A

They are “overglorified” mathematicians; they want to understand chemical systems from a theoretical framework

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6
Q

What do analytical chemists study?

A

Study methods for identification and quantification of matter within a chemical system; everything they do is applied science but they also do some theoretical science as well
Ex: Using instruments and medical diagnostics like MRIs/CT scans/etc.

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7
Q

What do inorganic chemists study?

A

Substances that are derived from all of the elements EXCEPT carbon

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8
Q

What do organic chemists study?

A

Carbon-based compounds

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9
Q

What do biochemists study?

A

Chemical processes that occur within living systems

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10
Q

Define matter

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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11
Q

What comprises matter?

A

Everything

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12
Q

Describe the differences in shape between solids, liquids, and gases

A

Solids - defined shape
Liquids - less defined shape; requires a container
Gases - no shape whatsoever

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13
Q

What can we do to gases and somewhat do to liquids?

A

Compress them

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14
Q

What happens to the volume and pressure when you compress a liquid or gas?

A

Compression decreases the volume and increases the pressure

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15
Q

T/F When a cylinder of gas (that’s pressurized) goes empty, there is no more gas left in the cylinder

A

False; when the cylinder goes “empty” the pressure inside the take is equalized inside the tank vs outside of the tank but the gas is not entirely gone

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16
Q

What occurs when you continue to compress a gas?

A

It can liquify

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17
Q

Can you compress a liquid?

A

Yes, but not as much as gas

18
Q

Can solids be compressed?

A

Not really; if you continue to compress a solid, you will just break it

19
Q

Define atoms

A

Submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental “building blocks” of all matter (they can be the same type of different types combined)

20
Q

What 3 things are found within an atom?

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

21
Q

What are the charges for protons, neutrons, and electrons?

A

Protons - positively charged
Neutrons - neutral
Electrons - negatively charged

22
Q

What makes up most of the mass of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

23
Q

Where are protons and neutrons found?

A

In the nucleus of the atom

24
Q

Where are electrons found?

A

Surrounding the nucleus in orbitals in the electron cloud

25
Q

How can we tell how many protons are in an atom?

A

Look at the atomic number; this number tells us the identity of the atom and thus the amount of protons

26
Q

What does the amount of neutrons tell us?

A

The isotope of the element we are looking at

27
Q

Why are isotopes important?

A

They are important because they can be used for looking for diseases
Ex: Using Iodine or Fluorine w/ scans to light up specific parts

28
Q

What do electrons tell us about an atom?

A

Electrons tell us the charge of the atom

29
Q

Can you change the charge of an electron?

A

Yes; by losing or gaining an electron, you can change whether it is positively/negatively charged
When you lose an electron = the charge becomes positive = CATIONS
Ex: Metals like to lose electrons
When you gain an electron = the charge becomes negative = ANIONS
Ex: Gases/Non-metals like to gain electrons

30
Q

What are molecules?

A

Two or more atoms joined in a specific arrangement

31
Q

What are pure substances?

A

Substance that is comprised of a single type of matter

32
Q

What 2 things can pure substances be broken down into?

A

Elements - can not be broken down further
Compounds - can be broken down even further

33
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Matter that consists of two or more pure substances

34
Q

What are the 2 types of mixtures?

A

Homogenous mixture - mixture having a uniform composition and properties (same type of matter)
Heterogenous mixture - a mixture that is not uniform in composition and properties (different types of matter)

35
Q

Is the air we breathe a pure substance or a mixture?

A

Mixture

36
Q

Is the air we breathe a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?

A

Homogeneous mixture; when there is smog it becomes a heterogenous mixture

37
Q

What is a physical change in matter?

A

A change that alters the state or appearance of matter, but not the composition
Ex: Chopping wood for a fire into smaller and smaller pieces

38
Q

What are the 6 phase changes of matter?

A
  1. Melting (solid to a liquid)
  2. Freezing (liquid to a solid)
  3. Vaporization (liquid to a gas)
  4. Condensation (gas to a liquid)
  5. Deposition (gas to a solid) - water vapor to ice
  6. Sublimation (solid to a gas) - dry ice
39
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change that alters the composition; atoms rearrange and create different substances
Ex: Iron rusting; exposure to air changes the molecules to have iron attached to oxygen and drastically changes the properties of a compound
Ex: Fire burning wood

40
Q

What are physical properties of matter?

A

Properties displayed by a substance that does not cause a change in composition
Ex: Odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point

41
Q

What are chemical properties of matter?

A

Properties displayed by a substance caused by a change in its composition
Ex: corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity

Chemistry (17 decks)

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