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Path 2 > Exam 1, eyes > Flashcards

Exam 1, eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is anophthalmia

A

NO development of optic vesicle

  • usually bilateral
  • uncommon
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2
Q

What is micropthalmia

A
  • miniature globe in normal sized orbit

- involution following injury to the globe (injury can be in utero, ischemic, or due to infection)

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3
Q

What is the difference between CYCLOPIA and SYNOPHTHALMIA

A

cyclopia is a SINGLE midline globe

synophthalmia has duplication of intraocular structures

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4
Q

What is one cause of cyclopia in sheep

A

ewe ingests Veratrum californicum on day 14 of gestation

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5
Q

What is coloboma and what is the consequence of it

A
  • defect resulting from incomplete closure of the optic fissure
  • can result in outpouching of the retina
  • one of the lesions of collie eye anomaly
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6
Q

What is entopion

What are the secondary lesions/consequences

A
  • inward rolling of eyelid margin due to inadequate length

- corneal irritation, ulceration

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7
Q

What is ectropion

What are the secondary lesions/consequences

A
  • outward rolling of eyelid margin due to excess length

- chronic exposure keratitis, conjunctivitis (from debris collection); less severe than entropion

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8
Q

What is distichasis

What are the consequences

A
  • cilia emerging from Meibomian glands (ectopic cilia)

- causes corneal and conjunctival irritation

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9
Q

What is trichiasis

What are the consequences

A
  • misdirection of normal cilia such that they contact the cornea
  • causes corneal and conjunctival irritation
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10
Q

What is chalazion

What are the consequences

A
  • leakage of Meibomian gland

- this secretion causes granulomatous inflammation

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11
Q

Name one cause of conjunctivitis in cattle

A

bovine herpes virus I

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12
Q

Name one cause of conjunctivitis in cats

A

feline herpes virus I

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13
Q

Name on cause of conjunctivitis in horses

A

Habronemiasis (nematode larvae of Habronema deposited in conjunctiva)

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14
Q

What is the underlying cause of third eyelid prolapse

A

congenital laxity of the connective tissue anchoring the gland to the cartilage of the 3rd eyelid

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15
Q

What is a potential complication of surgical removal of the gland

A

gland produces 1/3 of aqueous tears so removal would predispose the patient to dry eye

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16
Q

Know the definition and potential sequela of corneal dermoid

A
  • presence of haired skin i the corneal epithelium

- clinical significance depends on the degree of corneal irritation caused by hair

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17
Q

What are the 3 corneal responses to injury

A

adaptive cutaneous metaplasia
epithelial/stromal necrosis
wound healing/repair

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18
Q

Adaptive cutaneous metaplasia

A
  • response to persistent mild irritation

- keratinization, epithelial hyperplasia, neovasularization

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19
Q

Epithelial/stromal necrosis

A
  • response to more severe external injury (dessication [KCS=dry eye], mechanical injury, chemicals, infection)
  • corneal ulceration secondary to edema
20
Q

Wound healing/repair

  • epithelium
  • stroma
A
  • sliding of cells followed by mitosis

- repaired stroma/collagen typically not transparent (granulation tissue)

21
Q

What is feline corneal sequestrum

A
  • increased superficial stromal necrosis compared to normal corneal epithelial injury
  • accumulation of brown pigment from tear film (porphyrins) into corneal stroma
22
Q

What is the typical morphological feature of feline corneal sequestrum

A
  • central dark brown corneal pigmentation, is pathognomonic
23
Q

What lesion is associated with pink eye

A

corneal ulcer that progresses to suppurative keratomalacia

24
Q

What is the cause of pink eye

A

Moraxella bovis

- is transmitted by flies, direct contact, fomites

25
Q

What is the most common cause of feline karatitis

A

feline herpes virus I

26
Q

Know the lesion, characteristic anatomic location, and proposed cause of canine pannus keratitis

A
  • begins at lateral limbus and spreads toward central cornea, bilateral
  • is superficial stromal keratitis
  • likely immune mediated disease
27
Q

Know the most common cause of mycotic keratitis in horses and be able to explain the associated lesions

A
  • Aspergillus spp. as secondary infection of corneal wound

- can progress to suppurative keratomalacia and corneal perforation due to changes in Desemet’s membrane (?)

28
Q

What are the 4 lesions associated with collie eye anomoly

A
  • choroid hypoplasia and hypopigmentation
  • posterior coloboma
  • retinal detachement
  • microphthalmia
29
Q

Hypopyon

A

pus in anterior chamber

30
Q

Anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis)

A

inflammation of the iris and ciliary body

31
Q

Posterior uveitis

A

inflammation of choroid

32
Q

Chorioretinitis

A

inflammation of the choroid and retina

33
Q

Panuveitis

A

inflammation of all 3 components of the uvea

34
Q

Endophthalmitis

A

inflammation of uvea, retina, and ocular cavities (anterior/posterior chambers, vitreous)

35
Q

Panophthalmia

A

inflammation of the entire globe, including cornea and sclera

36
Q

Phacolytic uveitis

A
  • leakage of lens protein through the lens capsule
  • highly antigenic
  • occurs secondary to cataracts
37
Q

Phacoclastic uveitis

A
  • release of lens protein through ruptured lens capsule –> traumatic rupture of lens capsule
  • rapidly progressing diabetic cataracts
38
Q

What is the most common cause of mycotic uveitis

  • in dogs
  • in cats
A
  • blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis)

- cryptococcosis (Cryptococcus neoformans)

39
Q

What is the typical lesion of the eye associated with mycotic uveitis

A

pyogranulomatous endophthalmitis (exudate accumulates in choroid and subretinal space)

40
Q

Know the lesions of uveodermatologic syndrome and the predisposed breeds

A
  • bilateral granulomatous uveitis, depigmentation of facial skin
  • akitas, siberian huskies, samoyeds
41
Q

What is the cause of feline infectious peritonitis

A

mutated enteric coronavirus

42
Q

What is the lesion of FIP in the eye

A

immune-mediated anterior uveitis

43
Q

What are the 3 proposed causes of equine recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)

A
  • idiopathic
  • immune mediated reaction against Leptospira antigen
  • Onchocerca cervicalis
44
Q

Name 2 uveal neoplasms of the dog, which is the most common

A
  • uveal melanocytoma (most common)

- iridociliary adenoma

45
Q

Name 2 uveal neoplasms of the cat, which is the most common

A
  • primary ocular sarcoma (only in cats)

- diffuse iris melanoma (most common)

46
Q

Name 2 neoplasms of the eyelid of dogs, which is the most common

A
  • Meibomian adenoma (most common)

- melanocytoma

47
Q

What is the most common conjunctival neoplasm in horses and cattle

A

squamous cell carcinoma

Path 2 (5 decks)

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