Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Exam 1 - Drug Administration > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Drug Administration Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

study of how drugs move through the body over time
* absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
* “how the body affects the drug”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

study of how drugs affect the body
* receptor binding
* dose-response relationships
* therapeutic vs toxic effect
* potency vs efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Enteral

A

refers to any method of delivering medications into the body through the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of the enteral administration

A
  • oral: by mouth
  • sublingual: dissolving under the tongue
  • rectal: drug given via rectal end of GI tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the benefits of oral administration?

A
  • convenient and economical
  • relatively safe
  • relatively slow and prolonged absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are drawbacks of oral administration?

A
  • irritation of GI tract
  • destruction by acid or enzymes
  • complex formation in GI tract
  • relatively slow absorption
  • unconcious or uncooperative patient
  • first pass effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

First Pass Effect

A

initial metabolism of a drug in the liver after absorption; before it reaches systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the benefits of sublingual administration?

A
  • eliminates first pass effect
  • rapid absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the drawbacks of sublingual administration?

A
  • bad taste
  • oral irritation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the benefits of rectal administration?

A
  • reduces first pass effect
  • easier for certain patient populations (vomiting, unconscious, neonate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the drawbacks of rectal administration?

A
  • inconvenient
  • lack of compliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parenteral

A

refers to the delivery of medications directly into the body through routes other than the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are examples of parenteral administration?

A
  • subcutaneous: injecting into layer between skin and muscle
  • intramuscular: injecting into a muscle
  • intravenous: injecting into a vein
  • intra-arterial
  • intraspinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the benefits of SubQ and intramuscular?

A
  • useful for proteins/peptides
  • can alter rate of absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the drawbacks of SubQ and intramuscular administration?

A

local irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are benefits of intravenous administration?

A
  • easily controlled rate of administration
  • very rapid onset of action
  • entire dose enters blood
17
Q

What are the drawbacks of intravenous administration?

A
  • requires sterile conditions
  • not for self medication
18
Q

What are the benefits of intra-arterial administration?

A

high dose to specific organ

19
Q

What are the drawbacks of intra-arterial administration?

A
  • danger of hemorrhage
  • difficult technique
20
Q

What are the benefits of intraspinal administration?

A

high level into CNS for spinal anesthesia and infections

21
Q

What are the drawbacks of intraspinal administration?

A
  • danger of hemorrhage
  • difficult technique
22
Q

What are the two types of intravenous administration? What do they mean?

A
  • bolus: rapid injection of descrete amount (push)
  • infusion: a slow continuous administration (drip)
23
Q

Pulmonary

A

breathing a drug into the lungs

24
Q

What are the benefits of pulmonary administration?

A
  • only choice for gases and volatile liquids
  • rapid, extensive absorption
25
Q

What are the drawbacks of pulmonary administration?

A
  • local irritation
  • potential toxicity in the heart
26
Q

Dermal

A

administration of medicine through the skin

27
Q

What are examples of dermal administration?

A
  • topical: local
  • transdermal: systemic
28
Q

What are the benefits of topical (dermal) administration?

A

high concentrations at site of administration

29
Q

What are the drawbacks of topical (local) administration?

A

possible absorption into blood w/ systemic effects

30
Q

What are the benefits of transdermal (systemic) administration?

A

convenient, prolonged systemic delivery

31
Q

What are the drawbacks of transdermal (systemic) administration?

A

skin irritation

32
Q

What are the benefits of local intranasal administration?

A

high concentration at site of administration

33
Q

What are the drawbacks of local intranasal administration?

A
  • nasal irritation
  • possible absorption into blood w/ systemic effects
34
Q

What are the benefits of systemic intranasal administration?

A

rapid absorption of peptides

35
Q

What are the drawbacks of systemic intranasal administration?

A

nasal irritation

36
Q

What is considered when determining route of administration?

A
  • convenience
  • compliance
  • chemical properties of the drug
  • drug metabolism
  • onset of action
  • placement within human circulation

Pharmacology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions