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PHA 397 - Make-Up Therapeutics > Exam 1 - Contraception > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is Menarche?

A

Beginning of cycle of menstruation

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2
Q

What is the US menarche age?

A

Approximately 12 years of age

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3
Q

When does menopause begin in the US?

A

Approximately 50 years

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4
Q

How long is a normal menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

-Ranges 21-40 days

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5
Q

When does menses occur?

A

Day 1 of menstrual cycle

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6
Q

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

1) Follicular
2) Ovulatory
3) Luteal

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7
Q

When does the follicular phase begin and how long does it continue?

A

Begins at menstruation

Lasts approximately 14 days

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8
Q

The follicular phase facilitates ______ development in the ovary.

A

The follicular phase facilitates FOLLICLE development in the ovary.

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9
Q

What occurs during the first 4 days of the follicular phase?

A

FSH levels rise

Follicles develop

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10
Q

What occurs during days 5-7 of the follicular phase?

A

Dominant follicle releases estradiol and inhibin

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11
Q

In what phase do formation of receptors for FSH and LH occur?

A

Follicular phase

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12
Q

What phase has synthesis of estradiol, progesterone, and androgen?

A

Follicular phase

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13
Q

T/F: Ovulation is a brief phase, lasting approximately 24-48 hours.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

When does follicular rupture and release of oocyte occur?

A

During ovulation

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15
Q

When is conception most successful?

A

When intercourse occurs from 2 days prior to ovulation to the day of ovulation

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16
Q

Pituitary releases midcycle LH surge and stimulates _____ maturation and _______.

A

Pituitary releases midcycle LH surge and stimulates follicular maturation and ovulation.

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17
Q

How long does the luteal phase last?

A

13-15 days

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18
Q

_____ follicles become corpus luteum.

A

Luteinized follicles become corpus luteum.

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19
Q

What 3 things does the corpus luteum synthesize?

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
Androgen

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20
Q

What maintains endometrial lining?

A

Progesterone

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21
Q

What sustains implanted embryo and pregnancy?

A

Endometrial lining

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22
Q

What maintains GnRH and gonadotropin release?

A

Progesterone

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23
Q

If pregnancy occurs, then what prevents regression of corpus luteum?

A

hCG

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24
Q

How long does hCG stimulate the continued production of estrogen and progesterone for?

A

6-8 weeks

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25
Q

In the luteal phase, what happens if fertilization does not occur?

A

Corpus luteum degenerates –>Progesterone declines –>Endometrial shedding (menstruation)

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26
Q

How are estrogen and progesterone levels at the end of the luteal phase?

A

LOW

27
Q

When do FSH levels rise?

A

At the end of the luteal phase

-Next cycle begins

28
Q

What are the two methods of contraception?

A

1) Barriers or prevention of ovulation

2) Creation of unfavorable uterine environment

29
Q

What are the non-hormone nonpharmacologic therapies (DUCCSS)?

A 
Diaphragm
Uterine devices
Condom
Cervical cup
Sponge
Spermicides
30
Q

What are the two nonpharmacologic therapies for contraception?

A

1) Periodic abstinence

2) Barrier techniques

31
Q

What are the pharmacologic therapies for contraception?

A 
Spermicides
Uterine devices
Long-acting injectable and implantable contraceptives
Oral contraception
Transdermal (patch)
Contraceptive rings
32
Q

T/F: Diaphragms and cervical caps do not provide protection against STDs.

A

FALSE

-Both provide some protection against STDs

33
Q

Name the barrier device that is fitted by a physician, dome shaped, and placed in the cervix 6 hours before intercourse and left in at least 6 hours afterward.

A

DIAPHRAGM

34
Q

Name the barrier device that is a thimble-shaped cap that is placed over the cervix 1/2 hour before intercourse and left in place at least 8 hours after but not >a total of 48 hours.

A

CERVICAL CAP

35
Q

T/F: Barrier devices can be used with spermicides.

A

TRUE

36
Q

How effective are condoms when used in conjunction with other barrier methods?

A

98%

37
Q

Which type of condoms provide STD protection?

A

LATEX

38
Q

What is the brand name of female condoms?

A

Reality

39
Q

T/F: Spermicides provide protection against STDs.

A

FALSE

-Spermicides provides no protection against STDs

40
Q

What is the brand name of the sponge with spermicide implanted in it?

A

Today

41
Q

How long do you leave Today in for following intercourse?

A

6 hours

-No longer than 24 hours

42
Q

What is in Phexxi?

A

Lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate

43
Q

T/F: Phexxi is a non-hormonal vaginal gel.

A

TRUE

44
Q

When is Phexxi contraindicated?

A
  • Recurrent UTIs or urinary tract anomalies

- Combination with vaginal rings

45
Q

What are the components of estrogen contraceptives?

A
  • Ethinyl estradiol (EE)

- Mestranol

46
Q

What are the components of progestin contraceptives?

A
  • Ethynodiol diacetate
  • Desogestrel
  • Norgestimate
  • Norethidrone
  • Norethindrone acetate
  • Norethynodrel
  • Norgestrel
  • Levonorgestrel
  • Drosperinone
47
Q

Name the mechanisms of action of contraception.

A

1) FSH suppression
2) LH suppression
3) Cervical mucus thickening
4) Inhibition of egg implantation
5) Thin endometrial lining

48
Q

What component does FSH suppression contain?

A

ESTROGENS

49
Q

What components do LH suppression contain?

A

ESTROGENS, PROGESTINS

50
Q

What component does cervical mucus thickening contain?

A

PROGESTINS

51
Q

What component does inhibition of egg implantation contain?

A

ESTROGENS

52
Q

What component does thin endometrial lining contain?

A

PROGESTINS

53
Q

Name issues associated with progestin contraceptives.

A
  • Inconsistent inhibition of ovulation
  • Higher ectopic pg rates
  • Irregular menses
  • Hirsutism
54
Q

Name the brand of “mini-pills” progesterone only contraception.

A

MICRONOR

55
Q

T/F: Micronor contains no estrogen.

A

TRUE

56
Q

What are estrogen side effects?

A
  • Nausea
  • Fluid retention
  • Breast tenderness
  • HA
57
Q

What is a benefit to taking Micronor?

A

No estrogen = no estrogen side effects

58
Q

Who takes Micronor mini-pills?

A

Women who cannot take estrogens

-At risk for clots

59
Q

When do you start Micronor?

A

On the first day of menses

60
Q

T/F: You have to take Micronor at the same time every day.

A

TRUE

61
Q

T/F: Micronor only has active pills.

A

TRUE

-28 days active

62
Q

When do you have to use a back up method when on Micronor?

A
  • The first 1-2 months
  • Whenever any pills are missed
  • If a pill is more than 3 hours late
63
Q

What is another progestine only pill called that has Drospirenone, has 24 active pills and allows for a 24 hour window for delayed or missed pill?

A

SLYND

PHA 397 - Make-Up Therapeutics (15 decks)

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