Exam 1 - Contraception Flashcards
What is Menarche?
Beginning of cycle of menstruation
What is the US menarche age?
Approximately 12 years of age
When does menopause begin in the US?
Approximately 50 years
How long is a normal menstrual cycle?
28 days
-Ranges 21-40 days
When does menses occur?
Day 1 of menstrual cycle
What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?
1) Follicular
2) Ovulatory
3) Luteal
When does the follicular phase begin and how long does it continue?
Begins at menstruation
Lasts approximately 14 days
The follicular phase facilitates ______ development in the ovary.
The follicular phase facilitates FOLLICLE development in the ovary.
What occurs during the first 4 days of the follicular phase?
FSH levels rise
Follicles develop
What occurs during days 5-7 of the follicular phase?
Dominant follicle releases estradiol and inhibin
In what phase do formation of receptors for FSH and LH occur?
Follicular phase
What phase has synthesis of estradiol, progesterone, and androgen?
Follicular phase
T/F: Ovulation is a brief phase, lasting approximately 24-48 hours.
TRUE
When does follicular rupture and release of oocyte occur?
During ovulation
When is conception most successful?
When intercourse occurs from 2 days prior to ovulation to the day of ovulation
Pituitary releases midcycle LH surge and stimulates _____ maturation and _______.
Pituitary releases midcycle LH surge and stimulates follicular maturation and ovulation.
How long does the luteal phase last?
13-15 days
_____ follicles become corpus luteum.
Luteinized follicles become corpus luteum.
What 3 things does the corpus luteum synthesize?
Estrogen
Progesterone
Androgen
What maintains endometrial lining?
Progesterone
What sustains implanted embryo and pregnancy?
Endometrial lining
What maintains GnRH and gonadotropin release?
Progesterone
If pregnancy occurs, then what prevents regression of corpus luteum?
hCG
How long does hCG stimulate the continued production of estrogen and progesterone for?
6-8 weeks
In the luteal phase, what happens if fertilization does not occur?
Corpus luteum degenerates –>Progesterone declines –>Endometrial shedding (menstruation)
How are estrogen and progesterone levels at the end of the luteal phase?
LOW
When do FSH levels rise?
At the end of the luteal phase
-Next cycle begins
What are the two methods of contraception?
1) Barriers or prevention of ovulation
2) Creation of unfavorable uterine environment
What are the non-hormone nonpharmacologic therapies (DUCCSS)?
Diaphragm Uterine devices Condom Cervical cup Sponge Spermicides
What are the two nonpharmacologic therapies for contraception?
1) Periodic abstinence
2) Barrier techniques
What are the pharmacologic therapies for contraception?
Spermicides Uterine devices Long-acting injectable and implantable contraceptives Oral contraception Transdermal (patch) Contraceptive rings
T/F: Diaphragms and cervical caps do not provide protection against STDs.
FALSE
-Both provide some protection against STDs
Name the barrier device that is fitted by a physician, dome shaped, and placed in the cervix 6 hours before intercourse and left in at least 6 hours afterward.
DIAPHRAGM
Name the barrier device that is a thimble-shaped cap that is placed over the cervix 1/2 hour before intercourse and left in place at least 8 hours after but not >a total of 48 hours.
CERVICAL CAP
T/F: Barrier devices can be used with spermicides.
TRUE
How effective are condoms when used in conjunction with other barrier methods?
98%
Which type of condoms provide STD protection?
LATEX
What is the brand name of female condoms?
Reality
T/F: Spermicides provide protection against STDs.
FALSE
-Spermicides provides no protection against STDs
What is the brand name of the sponge with spermicide implanted in it?
Today
How long do you leave Today in for following intercourse?
6 hours
-No longer than 24 hours
What is in Phexxi?
Lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate
T/F: Phexxi is a non-hormonal vaginal gel.
TRUE
When is Phexxi contraindicated?
- Recurrent UTIs or urinary tract anomalies
- Combination with vaginal rings
What are the components of estrogen contraceptives?
- Ethinyl estradiol (EE)
- Mestranol
What are the components of progestin contraceptives?
- Ethynodiol diacetate
- Desogestrel
- Norgestimate
- Norethidrone
- Norethindrone acetate
- Norethynodrel
- Norgestrel
- Levonorgestrel
- Drosperinone
Name the mechanisms of action of contraception.
1) FSH suppression
2) LH suppression
3) Cervical mucus thickening
4) Inhibition of egg implantation
5) Thin endometrial lining
What component does FSH suppression contain?
ESTROGENS
What components do LH suppression contain?
ESTROGENS, PROGESTINS
What component does cervical mucus thickening contain?
PROGESTINS
What component does inhibition of egg implantation contain?
ESTROGENS
What component does thin endometrial lining contain?
PROGESTINS
Name issues associated with progestin contraceptives.
- Inconsistent inhibition of ovulation
- Higher ectopic pg rates
- Irregular menses
- Hirsutism
Name the brand of “mini-pills” progesterone only contraception.
MICRONOR
T/F: Micronor contains no estrogen.
TRUE
What are estrogen side effects?
- Nausea
- Fluid retention
- Breast tenderness
- HA
What is a benefit to taking Micronor?
No estrogen = no estrogen side effects
Who takes Micronor mini-pills?
Women who cannot take estrogens
-At risk for clots
When do you start Micronor?
On the first day of menses
T/F: You have to take Micronor at the same time every day.
TRUE
T/F: Micronor only has active pills.
TRUE
-28 days active
When do you have to use a back up method when on Micronor?
- The first 1-2 months
- Whenever any pills are missed
- If a pill is more than 3 hours late
What is another progestine only pill called that has Drospirenone, has 24 active pills and allows for a 24 hour window for delayed or missed pill?
SLYND
