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Art History I > Exam 1 contd 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 contd 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

(south and southeast asia) this is a geographically, religiously, and culturally diverse region:

The Indus Valley 2600 - 1500 BCE

  1. Same time period as …
  2. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are important sites
  3. fully developed cities with … oriented to …
A

Sumerian Culture;

streets; compass points;

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2
Q

(south and southeast asia) this is a geographically, religiously, and culturally diverse region:

The Indus Valley 2600 - 1500 BCE

  1. no temples or palaces identified to this day.
  2. most common indus objects are …
  3. similar to contemporaneous … and also printed in clay to secure trade goods. Had circle cut out so it could be … or …
A

seals;
Mesopotamian seals;
worn; hung;

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3
Q

(south and southeast asia) this is a geographically, religiously, and culturally diverse region:

  1. Some seals depict … as sacred, like Hindus and Buddhists did later.
A

trees

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4
Q

(south and southeast asia) Nude male torso from harappa, pakistan, ca. 2000-1900 BCE
1. although similar, … treatment differs from the Greek sculpture of a much later date (High Classical & Hellenist)

A

anatomy

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5
Q

(south and southeast asia) Nude male torso from harappa, pakistan, ca. 2000-1900 BCE

  1. has … movement, is … and …
  2. A south Asia standard for 1000s of years to come
A

fluid; sensuous; vigorous

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6
Q

(south and southeast asia) Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, ca. 2600-1900 BCE

  1. “mound of the ..”
  2. … provided water to homes with bathing areas and toilets draining into …
A

dead men;
wells;
public sewers

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7
Q

(south and southeast asia) Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan, ca. 2600-1900 BCE

  1. great bath was in … most likely used for … bathing.
  2. made watertight with …
A

center city;
ritual;
bitumen

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8
Q

(Buddhist Art, Architecture, and Iconography) buddha can be shown with a curl of hair between the eyebrows (sign of …), an urna on the forehead (representing …)

A

past wholesome actions;

vision into the divine world

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9
Q

(Buddhist Art, Architecture, and Iconography) Buddha can be shown with a cranial bump (representing a … or …), elongated ears (a vestige of … life), or a … behind his head

A

crown; garland; former sumptuous; halo

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10
Q

(Buddhist Art, Architecture, and Iconography) representations of Buddha also feature a repertoire of …
Episodes of Buddha’s life are favorite subjects of art. His first sermon set the … in motion

A

hand gestures;

Wheel of the Law;

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11
Q

(Buddhist Art, Architecture, and Iconography) …: wheel of the law

A

chakra

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12
Q

(Buddhist Art, Architecture, and Iconography) The life and death of the Buddha, frieze from Gandhara Pakistan, 2nd century CE

  1. early … cycle of Buddha
  2. … (…) strikes pose derived from the … figure on stupa
A

narrative;
Maya; mother;
Torana

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13
Q

(Buddhist Art, Architecture, and Iconography) The life and death of the Buddha, frieze from Gandhara Pakistan, 2nd century CE

  1. Note “Wheel of the Law” beneath Buddha
  2. Buddhist iconography within … style relief (figures stacked and scale varies as figures recede in … and …)
A

Roman;

distance; import

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14
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE) lion capital of column erected by Ashoka at Sarnath, India ca. 250 BCE

  1. Lions facing … of the world once supported the Buddha’s Wheel of the Law
  2. Buddha often referred to as …
  3. The wheel also signified Ashoka’s distinction as … with …
A

4 quarters;
lion;
universal King; divine authority

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15
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)

  1. Greek/Alexandrian generals were repelled from India in .. BCE
  2. … was the greatest Buddhist leader (272 - 231 BCE)
  3. He embraced … and … after a blood battle
A

305; Ashoka; non-violence; Buddhism

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16
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE) 4. Spread Buddhism beyond … and inscribed laws on … (image and edict similar to near East) erected throughout the kingdom forming an “…”

A

India; pillars; axis of the universe

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17
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE) 5. These pillars, the first monumental artworks of India became an important motif in …

A

Buddhist architecture

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18
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE) Yakshi, detail of the east torana (gateway), Great Stupa, Sanchi, India ca. 50 BCe to ca. 30 CE

  1. goddess which personified … and …
  2. pose represents … and used often in other contexts
A

fertility; vegetation; procreation

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19
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE) Yakshi holding a fly whisk, didarganj, 250 BCE:
1. Goddess with … nature; custodian of treasures hidden in the … and in the …

A

benevolent;

earth; roots of trees

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20
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Yakshi holding a fly whisk, didarganj, 250 BCE:
2. Depicted as … and …, with … hips, … waists, … shoulders, and … … breasts

A

beautiful; voluptuous; wide; narrow; broad; exaggerated; spherical

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21
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE) one of the finest example of … art

A

Mauryan

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22
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
View from the south of the Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, 3rd century BCE to first century CE

  1. A stupa is an earthen monument housing …
  2. This dome stands … feet high
A

Buddha relics;

50

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23
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
View from the south of the Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, 3rd century BCE to first century CE

  1. People venerated Buddha’s remains by walking … around the Stupa, which represents sacred … of the universe
  2. stone fences separate the … from the …
A

clockwise; diagrams;

sacred; profane

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24
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Interior of the Stupa hall, Karle, India ca. 50 CE
1. carved from stone. 45 ft tall and 125 ft long
2. Stupa in rear can be …
3. Men and women ride … atop the columns

A

circumnavigated;

elephants

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25
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Interior of the Stupa hall, Karle, India ca. 50 CE

  1. … flank entrance symbolizing the creative …
A

mithunas; life force

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26
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Meditating Buddha, from Gandhara, Pakistan, 2nd century CE

  1. As Buddha was granted divinity by certain groups, … of him ensued
  2. many come from … region
A

physical representations;

Gandhara

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27
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Meditating Buddha, from Gandhara, Pakistan, 2nd century CE

  1. This Buddha entails a gesture of … (palms ….)
  2. Stylistically, owes much to … art (toga-like garment, continuous forehead profile)
A

meditation; upward;

Greco-Roman art

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28
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Buddha seated on lion throne, from Mathura, India, 2nd century CE.

  1. This Buddha is in … style, robust male with … shoulders and … eyes
A

Yakshas; broad; wide open

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29
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Buddha seated on lion throne, from Mathura, India, 2nd century CE.

  1. Robe appears transparent, revealing …
  2. raised right hand signal that worshipers …
  3. “wheel of the law” inscribed on his … and …
A

body;
need not fear;
hand; feet

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30
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Seated Buddha preaching first sermon, Sarnath, India 450 CE.

  1. smooth unadorned surface conform to notion of perfect …/…
  2. hands exemplify … gesture
A

body; spirit manifestation;

wheel turning

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31
Q

(Maura Dynasty: 323-185 BCE)
Seated Buddha preaching first sermon, Sarnath, India 450 CE.

  1. This … style Buddha became the standard for Buddhist depictions of Buddha in India
A

Gupta

32
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)

  1. Early cave temples are … years after Buddhist temples
  2. … “religion of the Indians” has no founder
  3. India and Hindu have common root name for …
A

600;
Hinduism;
Indus River

33
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)

  1. Can be traced back to Vedic period and Indus Culture as far back as … BCE
  2. … by Brahmin priests is central practice. The goal is to … in order to achieve liberation from … and become one with the …
A 
Third Millennium; 
ritual sacrifice; 
please a deity; 
reincarnation; 
universal spirit
34
Q 
(Hindu Art And Iconography) 
Vishvanatha Temple (view looking north) Khajuraho, India, ca. 1000
  1. northern style temple …
  2. tallest represents … topped by ribbed cushion like form
  3. symbolize … with cave that houses the god
A

four ascending towers;
Shiva’s mountain home;
constructed mountains

35
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Rajarajeshvara Temple, Thanjavur, India ca. 1010

  1. largest temple in India at the time (210 ft tall)
  2. southern style temple (… and …)
  3. stands inside a …
A

flat roofs; one tower;

walled precinct

36
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Rajarajeshvara Temple, Thanjavur, India ca. 1010

  1. at the core is the “…” that houses images of the deity
  2. designed to conform to … of the universe
A

womb chamber;

geometric design

37
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Shiva as Nataraja (Lord of the dance), Naltunai Ishvaram Temple, Punjai ca. 1000

  1. … objects play important role in Hinduism
  2. stamps out … as he dances and touches the “light of glory” as he creates the universe to the rhythm of a drum beat
A

portable;

ignorance

38
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Shiva as Nataraja (Lord of the dance), Naltunai Ishvaram Temple, Punjai ca. 1000

  1. worshippers … and … the piece when it is worshipped
  2. considered the … of the deity, not simply symbolic
A

dress; adorn;

embodiment

39
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Aerial view of Borobudur, Java, Indonesia, ca. 800

  1. colossal (400 ft) Buddhism monument (constructed cosmic mountain?) with 1500 … and 1500 … for worshippers to encircle
  2. exemplifies Borobudur’s dependence on Indian art although nothing like it exists in India with such …, sophistication and originality
A

stupas; statues;

complexity

40
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Aerial view of Angkor Wat, Angkor, Cambodia, 1100-1150 CE
1. engineering marvel worked on for over 400 years. temples and palaces complemented by … and …

A

canals; reservoirs

41
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Aerial view of Angkor Wat, Angkor, Cambodia, 1100-1150 CE
2. different kings built separate … and implied that they were a … of the deity represented. similar to … Egypt

A

temple mountains; manifestation; Pharaonic Egypt

42
Q

(Hindu Art And Iconography)
Aerial view of Angkor Wat, Angkor, Cambodia, 1100-1150 CE
3. five stepped towers symbolize … of mount … (sacred mountain at …)

A

five peaks; Meru; center of the universe

43
Q

(Ancient China) 1. china is only … that originated in the ancient world

  1. china encompasses a broad geographic area
  2. village life with large …, …, …, and … discovered from ca. 7000 BCE
A

continuing civilization;

multifamily houses; pens; kilns; cemeteries

44
Q

(Ancient China) many artifacts made from … and …

A

Jade; clay

45
Q

(Ancient China) Yangshao Culture vases, Gansu Province, China, 3500 BCE
1. Yangshao Pottery developed around the … ca. … BCE

A

Yellow River; 4500

46
Q

(Ancient China) Yangshao Culture vases, Gansu Province, China, 3500 BCE

  1. both … and … were produced
  2. Quite sophisticated and precise pottery despite not having …
A

earthenware; stoneware;

potter’s wheels

47
Q

(Ancient China) Yangshao Culture vases, Gansu Province, China, 3500 BCE
4. highly refined aesthetics utilizing … on much of their pottery

A

abstract designs

48
Q

(Ancient China) Bi disk with dragons, from jincun, chin, Eastern Zhou dynasty, 4th-3rd century BCE

  1. comes from a royal tomb
  2. required much work to produce
  3. jade is …, …, and …
A

touch; hard; heavy

49
Q

(Ancient China) Bi disk with dragons, from jincun, chin, Eastern Zhou dynasty, 4th-3rd century BCE

  1. Bi’s were a … symbol in life and a … for the afterlife
  2. dragons were symbols of … in East Asia
A

status;
treasure;
good fortune

50
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) Daoism (The Way and its Power) 604-531 BCE:

adherents follow the … it is intuitive awareness nurtured by harmonious contact with nature. Dao is like …, always yielding – but eventually wearing away that which does not yield. Balance between … and …

A

Universal Path;
water;
Yin; Yang

51
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Confucianism: 500 BCE?
the person who possesses … can help bring order and unity to society. anyone can cultivate the needed virtues.

A

human kindness

52
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
confucianism: 500 BCE?
needed virtues:
…, pursuit of … and …, respect for …

A

empathy for suffering; morality; justice; relationships

53
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) both daoism and confucianism share the idea that, regardless of …, anyone can cultivate wisdom or ability

A

position at birth

54
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) model of a house, Han dynasty, ca. 100 CE

  1. basic architectural unit is … with columns supporting a roof
  2. no … buildings survive
A

rectangular hall;

Han

55
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) model of a house, Han dynasty, ca. 100 CE

  1. provides information as to how structures were constructed. may go back as far as … BCE
  2. chinese architecture also features … roofs with broad overhanging … and … construction method
A

1000;
curved;
eaves; interlocking

56
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) model of a house, Han dynasty, ca. 100 CE

  1. … profile of roof is typical for Chinese structures
  2. painted red, black, yellow, and white
A

flat

57
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) Foguang Si Pagoda (tower) 1056. Yingxian, China, Liao dynasty

  1. tallest … building ever constructed up to that point in history. 9 stories tall.
  2. chinese wooden beam and bracket construction is …
A

wooden;

ingenious

58
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) Foguang Si Pagoda (tower) 1056. Yingxian, China, Liao dynasty

  1. part of …. similar to Indian Stupa.
  2. … and … visually and physically lighten the building’s mass
A

Buddhist temple complex;

open veranda; balconies

59
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Shakyamuni and Prabhutaratna, from Hebei Province, Northern Wei dynasty, 518

  1. … offering in a temple
  2. meeting of the two Buddha’s symbolizes the … of Buddhism throughout the ages
  3. rhythmic… and… of the poses reflect Chinese painting at the time.
A

votive;
continuity;
sweep; elegance

60
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Palace ladies, detail of a wall painting in the tomb of Princess Yongtai, Qianxian, China, Tang dynasty, 706.

  1. very … depth of field with little or no environment
  2. figures face into and out of space. a common practice during this period
  3. simple form and creates an air of …
A

shallow;

monumental dignity

61
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Fan Kuan, Travelers among Mountains and Streams, early 1000s
1. … dwarfs the human elements
2. perspective vantage points shift throughout the piece to show detail.
3. brush strokes create the subtle and varying … of the landscape

A

nature;

textures;

62
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Fan Kuan, Travelers among Mountains and Streams, early 1000s
4. not … Depicts landscape’s …, … and ….

A

naturalistic; grandeur; atmosphere; light

63
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Ma Yuan, On a Mountain Path in Spring, Southern Song period, early 1200’s
1…. compared to Fan Kuan. Form almost exclusively on the…
2. embodiment of … and … with nature

A

minimal; left;

peace; unity

64
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Meiping vase, from Xiuwi, China, Northern Song period, 1100’s.
1. … (incising the design through a colored slip or glaze)
2. adorned by flowing intertwined patterns of … and … that complement the vase’s shape

A

sgraffito;

flowers; stems

65
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion) Meditating Bodhisattva Maitreya, 3 Kingdoms period, 7th century

  1. a bodhisattva is the symbol of … who seeks … while also trying to save all sentient beings by spreading the Buddha’s teachings
  2. in contrast to the richly adorned Chinese Buddha’s, this image wears only a …
A

compassion;
enlightenment;
necklace

66
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Meditating Bodhisattva Maitreya, 3 Kingdoms period, 7th century
3. the … is distinctly Korean

A

trilobed crown

67
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Shakyamuni buddha, in the rotunda of the cave temple, Sokkuram, Korea, Unified Silla Kingdom, 751-774.
1. Silla rulers embraced Buddhism as … and as …

A

religious enlightenment; protection

68
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Shakyamuni buddha, in the rotunda of the cave temple, Sokkuram, Korea, Unified Silla Kingdom, 751-774.
2. they believed the temples were places of … as well as supernatural defenses against …
3. none of the temples survive due to Korea’s …

A

worship; threats;

turbulent history

69
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
Shakyamuni buddha, in the rotunda of the cave temple, Sokkuram, Korea, Unified Silla Kingdom, 751-774.
4. Shakyamuni Buddha is probably a …
5. Dome is 21 ft in diameter and contains figures facing the Buddha
6. Reminiscent of Indian and Chinese Buddha images but with distinct …
7. considered one of the finest Buddha images in all of East Asia

A

private chapel;

broad shoulders

70
Q

(Chinese Art and the Religion)
in buddhist symbolism the lotus is symbolic of … of …, …, and … Although rooted in mud, its flowers blossom long stalks, its petals seemingly floating above the muddy waters of … and …

A

purity of body, mind, and speech;

attachment; desire

71
Q

(Korean Art) not merely derivate of Chinese art. Has its own distinct identity.

  1. neolithic art appears ca. … BCE
  2. introduced to Buddhism in the 4th century. in turn, introduced buddhism to … in the 6th century.
  3. had contact with both … and …
A

6000;
Japan;
China; Japan

72
Q

(Korean Art) Neungsanri Royal Tombs Baekje Dynasty, 538-660 AD Buyeo, Korea

  1. Premodern peoples designed their structures according to an … plan (true for the whole ancient world, including the Nasca lines in Peru)
  2. Neung Mountain Village is the burial place of the …, starting in 538
A

aerial; kings of Baekje

73
Q

(Korean Art) Neungsanri Royal Tombs Baekje Dynasty, 538-660 AD Buyeo, Korea

  1. seven … are located on the slope of the mountain. in each, a central burial chamber is accessed through a …
A

tumuli; corridor

74
Q

(Korean Art) Neungsanri Royal Tombs Baekje Dynasty, 538-660 AD Buyeo, Korea

  1. the tombs are decorated with … and … (directional animals guarded the four cardinal directions in a tomb; the imagery comes from China. The figure are … (E), … (S), … (W), and … (N)
A 
directional animals; astronomical ceilings; 
dragon; 
red bird; 
white tiger; 
dark warrior
75
Q

(Korean Art) jade … pendant

2500 BCE

A

claw-shaped

76
Q

(Korean Art) crown, from north mound of tomb 98, Hwangnamdong, near Kyongju, Korea, 3 Kingdoms period, 5th to 6th century.

  1. cut from sheet gold and embossed around the edges.
  2. stylized … and … forms as symbols of … and …
  3. there is no counterpart in China, this type of crown is specific Korea
A

tree; antler; life; supernatural power;

77
Q

(Korean Art) Maebyong vases, Koryo and Goryeo dynasties, ca. 918- 1200

  1. they were admired worldwide
  2. used highly … glazes
  3. motifs incised into … frames. spacing increases as vase becomes more …
A

translucent;
circular;
bulbous

Art History I (7 decks)

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