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Art History I > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sculpture: …, …, …

A

relief; freestanding; hanging

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2
Q

sculpture:
… (ceramics, organic material, stone, metals, synthetics)
… (ceramics, organic material, stone, metals, synthetics)
… (ceramics, organic material, stone, metals, synthetics)
… (organic material, stone, synthetics)
… (ceramics, synthetics)
… (metals, synthetics)

A 
building; 
sculpting; 
incising; 
carving; 
molding; 
casting
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3
Q 
pictorial arts: 
... 
... 
... 
... 
...
A

drawing; painting;

printmaking; transferring; photography

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4
Q

(prehistoric europe, the near east, and africa) humans used the earth’s … to make art and decorate themselves. (ocher, plants, bones, and shells)

almost all paleolithic art was …
everything was in strict profile

A

raw materials; animal depiction

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5
Q

(prehistoric europe, the near east, and africa) …: best way to show complete information of animals shape

A

composite

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6
Q

(prehistoric europe, the near east, and africa) human with feline head sculpture ca. 30,000-28,000
surpasses early figurines in size and complexity
perhaps people didn’t see themselves as distinctly different from …

A

animals

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7
Q 
(prehistoric europe, the near east, and africa) venuses ca. 28,000-25,000 BCE : 
sculpture in the .... 
reasons they were made are elusive 
woman with emphasis on female anatomy 
...
A

round;

Venus of Willendorf

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8
Q

(prehistoric europe, the near east, and africa) cave in france around 13,000 BCE:
…, most famous of caves.
animals and figures are both … and colored …
probably painted at different times

A

lascaux;

outlined; silhouettes

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9
Q

(prehistoric europe, the near east, and africa) cave in france around 13,000 BCE:
bulls show a … perspective
horns are …, unlike those at Chauvex. animals are depicted as … forms
although most paleolithic people stayed close to the … of caves, ancient cave art is found … in the caves

A

cubist-like; frontal;
composite;
mouth;
deep

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10
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE)

  1. … receded
  2. humans … plants and animals and made …
A

ice age;

domesticated; dwellings to live in

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11
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE)

3. … formed. oldest found in present day …, …, …, and … (the near east)

A

societies; Turkey; Syria; Iraq; Iran

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12
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) 4. people moved to areas around the … and … (the …)

A

Tigris; Euphrates; Cradle of Civilization

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13
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) 5. …, …, …, and … were developed

A

weaving; metalwork; pottery; counting

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14
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) Catal Huyuk in Turkey ca. 6000-5900 BCE
over twelve layers of building history excavated
they were …, esp in … (used to make sharp cutting edges)
city appears to have been …
made of … and … with plastered walls
there are no streets or doors

A

traders; obsidian;
planned;
wood; brick

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15
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) western europe had no real developed settlements/towns, but around 4,000 BCE people in the west were using … to work with. we call them … - “giant stones”

A

large massive stones;

megaliths

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16
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) … is covered by a …, or “earthen mound” –> in Ireland, ca. 3200-2500 BCE
it has long corridors leading to a …

A

Newgrange tomb; Tumultus;

burial chamber

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17
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) it uses …

neolithic structures attest to the importance these peoples attached to …

A

corbelled vaulting;

burying their dead

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18
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) stonehenge megalith from england ca. 2550-1600 BCE
most famous megalithic structure
henge means arrangement in a …
remarkably accurate … that marks the …

A

circle;
solar calendar;
summer solstice

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19
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) stonehenge:
important for … and/or…
… and … system
some of the trilithon stones weigh 90,000 lbs each and came from … miles away
they mark the great intellectual and physical achievements of neolithic man

A

sacred burials; rituals;
post; lintel;
20

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20
Q

(neolithic art, 8,000/3,000-2,300 BCE) stonehenge;

is it a …, an …, a …, a …?

A

crematory; observatory; calendar; healing center

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21
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) stele with law code of Hammurabi from Susa, Iran ca. 1780 BCE
babylonian culture
hammurabi with the sun god Shamash
the … and … symbolize …

A

rod; ring; authority

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22
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) the fertile crescent and … (land between the rivers)
between 4000-3000 BCE villages evolved into … in the north and south.
they had their own …, …, and …

A

Mesopotamia;
independent city-states;
gods; governments; social hierarchies;

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23
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) the fertile crescent and mesopotamia:
many gods were worshipped
each city had a …
centers of … and … were developed

A

protective deity; worship; government

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24
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) the fertile crescent and mesopotamia:
there were …, …, …, … and …, and … and … workshops

A 
canals; 
grain mills; 
ovens; 
brick and pottery kilns; 
textile and metal
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25
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) the fertile crescent and mesopotamia:
a great amount of … and … with other cultures ensued.
… developed

A

trade; contact;

specialized labor

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26
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) the sumerians (3500-2332 BCE): new technology (… and …), … (3100 developed …), impressive art, … (world’s first … “Epic of Gilgmaesh”), architecture (…)

A

wagon wheel; plow; literacy; cuneiform writing; literature; literary epic; ziggurats

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27
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) cuneiform: writing system developed by the … using stylus on … to keep business records
… BCE– initially …
by 700 BCE this “writing’ was reduced to an arrangement of abstract incised marks

A

Sumerians; clay tablets;

3100; pictographs

28
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) Victory Stele of Naram-Sin from Susa, Iran 2254-2218 BCE:

  1. History stele about the victory over the … people from eastern Mesopotamia
  2. … “registers” rather than horizontal
  3. … – … and … shows importance
A

Lullibi;
diagonal
hieratic scale; larger; further up

29
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) Victory Stele of Naram-Sin from Susa, Iran 2254-2218 BCE:

  1. king is armed with …
  2. earliest example of man attributing himself as being a …. in art
  3. earliest example of man …
A

great arsenal;
god;
oriented in landscape

30
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) Victory Stele of Naram-Sin from Susa, Iran 2254-2218 BCE:

  1. those wearing … are attributed to gods. by climbing the mountain, is he climbing the ladder to heaven? (like the …)
A

helmet with horns; ziggurats

31
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) white temple and ziggurat, iraq ca. 3200-3000 BCE:

  1. … structure with … or … on top. rose about 40 ft high. temple was simple. off center door led to an …
A

stepped; temple; shrine; altar

32
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) white temple and ziggurat, iraq ca. 3200-3000 BCE:

  1. may be result of repeated … on sites and/or to keep … from destroying the sacred places
  2. depicted concept of “gods” above humans?
  3. they are bridges between … and … – a meeting place for … and …
A

building; floods;

earth; heaven; people; gods

33
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art)
statuettes of two worshipers, from the square temple at eshnunna, Iraq ca. 2700 BCE:

  1. may represent mortals …
  2. large eyes to keep … as they stand in the “waiting room” in the temple
  3. beakers hold … for the gods
  4. inscriptions were specific … or …
A

in prayer;
attention on gods;
libations;
prayers; names of the sculpture’s donors

34
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) war side of the standard of Ur, from tomb 779, Iraq ca. 2600 BCE:

  1. wood inlaid with …, …, and …
  2. found in …
A

shell; lapis lazuli; red limestone;

regal burial ground

35
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) war side of the standard of Ur, from tomb 779, Iraq ca. 2600 BCE:

  1. reads from bottom to top
  2. representations of humans and animals are … (side and front)
  3. …, …, and … were ritualistically sacrificed in order to accompany the dead into the afterlife
A

composite;

musicians; servants; soldiers

36
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) bull-headed lyre sound box from tomb 789, Ur, Iraq ca. 2600 BCE

  1. similar to the sound box of … A gilgamesh-like hero acts out scenes. early specimen of … acting like people
    bands are called … or …
A

Pu-abi tomb lyre;
animals;
registers; friezes

37
Q

(the ancient near east and the neolithic revolution: religion, society, art) persepolis, Iran, ca. 521-465 BCE
the terrace contains many … (stone often polished to a marble-like surface).
laid without …; many are still in place
huge columns (13 still stand in the great audience hall (…) of Darius)

A

gray stone colossal buildings;
mortar;
apadana;

38
Q

(ancient egypt) egyptian culture has a relationship to the … and the land. yearly … brings rich soil from the mountains in the south

A

nile; flooding

39
Q

(ancient egypt) abundant amounts of … came from the banks along the Nile
the land was strewn with many different … as well

A

grains; rock forms

40
Q

(ancient egypt) egyptian culture had different view of the world than the ancient near east. … (…) existed first.
… (…) appeared on a mound after waters receded

A

primeval waters; Nun;

God of creation; Re

41
Q

(ancient egypt) their rulers, called … were believed to be divine
there were … Egyptian dynasties
the solemn and ageless art of the Egyptians expresses the …t that was, as they believed, divinely established

A

pharoah’s; 31;

unchanging order

42
Q

(ancient egypt) discovery of … (written in Greek, demotic (late Egyptian, and hieroglyphics) helped scholars decipher …

A

rosetta stone; hieroglyphics

43
Q

(ancient egypt) palette of king narmer from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, predynastic ca. 3000-2920 BCE

the earliest preserved ... (as opposed to prehistoric) artworks found 
this palette (...) commemorates the ...
A

historical;
stone slab;
unification

44
Q

(ancient egypt) palette of king narmer from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, predynastic ca. 3000-2920 BCE
intertwined necks of … represent unification
Left- Narmer wearing … type head dress of … Egypt.
Right - Narmer wearing the … of … Egypt. Pharoah is now divine ruler

A

felines;
bowling pin; Upper;
red crown; Lower

45
Q

(ancient egypt) palette of king narmer from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, predynastic ca. 3000-2920 BCE
shows effortless defeat of enemy and then surveying the beheaded. bull knocking down city shows …
the palette of narmer is a blueprint for a formula for … representation and other conventions seen in Egyptian art for nearly 3000 yrs

A

supreme power of king;

figure;

46
Q

(ancient egypt) people, boats and animals on wall painting from tomb 100 at Hieraknopols, Egypt; Ca. 3500-3200 BCE:

this depiction of … will remain throughout the whole span of Ancient’ Egypt’s history
discovery of beautiful murals
tombs provide evidence for … of Egyptian culture
most monuments were to ensure the dead of … and … in the next life

A

“supreme power”
historical reproduction;
safety; happiness

47
Q 
(ancient egypt) egyptian mastaba tombs: 
this early tomb type has ... 
probably made from earthen mounds 
egyptians believed people were accompanied by other self --> "..." (...) 
body had to remain ...
A

rectangular slopes;
ka; life force;
intact

48
Q

(ancient egypt) mastaba tombs:
… were a way of preserving the body
food, clothing, utensils, and furniture had to be provided for the dead as well to ensure the …
statues called … were left in the tombs to care for the dead

A

mummies;
afterlife;
answerers

49
Q

(ancient egypt) imhotep, stepped pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Egypt, 3rd dynasty, ca. 2630-2611 BCE:

  1. one of the oldest structures in Egypt is in …, the capital
  2. began as a … sides faced … directions. 200 feet high
A

Memphis;
mastaba;
NSEW;

50
Q

(ancient egypt) imhotep, stepped pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Egypt, 3rd dynasty, ca. 2630-2611 BCE:

  1. a .., not a temple. … the deceased king and shows ….
A

tomb; protects; absolute power

51
Q

(ancient egypt) imhotep, stepped pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Egypt, 3rd dynasty, ca. 2630-2611 BCE:

  1. mound represents the appearance of the … who brought light to the world
  2. it was topped by a … called the …. which supported the supreme god, …, the god of the …
A

creator god;
pyramidal stone; ben-ben;
Amen; sun

52
Q

(ancient egypt) great pyramids, Gizeh, Egypt, 4th dynasty ca. 2490-2528 BCE

oldest of the seven wonders of the ancient world
built within … yrs
evolution from mastaba to pyramid is not just refinement of stepped pyramid. the pyramids are symbols of the … They reflect the influence of the city of … and the cult of …
the pyramidal stone “ben-ben”

A

75;
sun;
Heliopolis; Re (Ra)

53
Q

(ancient egypt) great pyramids, Gizeh, Egypt, 4th dynasty ca. 2490-2528 BCE

building of the shaped rocks in successive rows is called …
faced with limestone rocks
each rock, 2.5 tons, 775 ft at the base and 480 ft tall

A

ashlar masonry

54
Q

(ancient egypt) great sphinx, 4th dynasty, ca. 2520-2494

faces … carved out of the Giza quarry
largest … in the near east.
image of a … and a …
depicts human … and … - King Khafre?

A

east;
statue;
pharoah; lion;
intelligence; strength

55
Q

(ancient egypt) khafre enthroned, from Gizeh, 4th Dynasty, ca. 2520-2494 BCE; diorite

  1. from the valley temple near sphinx. made for his funerary complex
  2. rigidity shows … compact and serene
  3. appropriate for timeless afterlife
  4. …
A

eternal stillness;

form follows function

56
Q

(ancient egypt) khafre enthroned, from Gizeh, 4th Dynasty, ca. 2520-2494 BCE; diorite

  1. stylized …, …, symbolized …
  2. figures were portrayed with ideal proportions to proclaim their … nature
A

lions; intertwined papyrus; Unified Egypt;

divine

57
Q

(ancient egypt) khafre enthroned, from Gizeh, 4th Dynasty, ca. 2520-2494 BCE; diorite

  1. this is khafre’s ka statue. it is his eternal image and a … for his ka.
    ka is understood as the life force of the human
    in death the ka needs a … to reside in. this necessity leads to the egyptian practice of … as well as the abundance of … representation
A

habitation;
body;
mummification;
sculptural

58
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE)
the new kingdom ca. … - … BCE
the middle kingdom, like the old kingdom, also broken down. taken over by … (…) from …

A

1550; 1070;

Hyksos; sheppard kings; mesopotamia

59
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE) hyksos from mesopotamia brought … and ….
they were subsequently expelled by the egyptians between … - … BCE
the new kingdom is the most brilliant period of egyptian history

A

horses; advanced weaponry;

1600-1550

60
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE)
egypt extended borders up to … and to the south
… became the capital

A

mesopotamia; thebes

61
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE) the temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt. begun 1600 BCE

…: massive gateways with sloping walls and bilateral symmetry
built to …

A

pylon temples;

honor gods

62
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE) the temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt. begun 1600 BCE

dominating the new kingdom temples was the monumental facade of the pylon that was covered with … inside was the …
worked on by successive … and thus became massive and elaborate structures
like all egyptian architecture, there is the …
the lake represents ….

A

reliefs; hypostyle hall;
pharoahs;
axial corridor;
Primeval waters

63
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE) hypostyle hall, the temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt. 19th dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE

  1. hypostyle: means resting on numerous …
  2. separate the temple’s … (where festivals and ceremonies took place) from the …, to which only kings and priests were admitted
A

columns;
open court;
sanctuary

64
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE) hypostyle hall, the temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt. 19th dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE

  1. egyptian temples did not provide for …
  2. the processional path through the hypostyle was a preparatory passage from …
  3. the hypostyle was roofed with …
A

congregational worship;
this world to the next;
slabs of stone

65
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE) hypostyle hall, the temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt. 19th dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE

  1. has 134 columns and measures 338 feet wide by 170 feet deep
  2. the column capitals are like … or …
  3. the effect of columns vanishing into darkness must have been spellbinding
  4. The tall columns are 75’ tall, 22 feet wide. The other columns
    are 42’ tall—the difference filled by a .. or …(an Egyptian invention).
A

papyrus; lotus buds;

stone grille; clerestory window

66
Q

(egypt: the new kingdom ca. 1550-1070 BCE) hypostyle hall, the temple of Amen-Re, Karnak, Egypt. 19th dynasty, ca. 1290-1224 BCE

taller columns allowed … to enter from the side through …

A

light; clerestories

Art History I (7 decks)

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