Exam 1 Chp. 3-4

Question 1

The first penitentiary in the United state (1790)

Answer 1

Walnut St. Jail in philedphia that was influenced by the Quakers

Question 2

Pennsylvania system of penitentiary model

Answer 2

“Separate system” - isolation, large cells of solitary confinement, eat, sleep, and work in cells, silence, shorter sentences, bible reading, goal was to produce honest citizens

Question 3

New York system penitentiary model

Answer 3

“Congregate system” hard labor in shops during the day, strict discipline,rule of silence, were in small cells and the goal was to produce obedient citizens

Question 4

Auburn model

Answer 4

Stripped uniforms, lock step, cell locking system, military model

Question 5

What systems do we use today?

Answer 5

New York and auburn model! It’s more cost effective and industrial prison design favored

Question 6

Penitentiary

Answer 6

An institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and from one another so that they could reflect on their past crimes, repent and thus undergo reformation

Question 7

The reformatory movement (1870s-1890s)

Answer 7

Declaration of principles that led to a Philosophy of inmate change, reformation rewarded by early release, and indetermine sentences (if you’re better in 5-10 years we will release you), and rehabilitation programs developed

Question 8

Reformatory movement - Graduated release system – maconochie (1840, Norfolk Island )

Answer 8

Created the mark system that would determine release based on crime and behavior in prison and marks were earned by things such as voluntary labor, participation in education or religious programs, and good behavior — but points could be taken away

Question 9

Reformatory movement - brockway

Answer 9

Had an institution for young offenders and they would do interviews on the prisoners to try to determine the root causes of the crimes and the mark system here they would gain points but never lose points and the administrator would determine your release date based on your marks

Question 10

Progressive era (1890-1930)

Answer 10

These were upper class reformers who believed state intervention and science could solve any problem and was founded by the positivst school of criminology

Question 11

Positivist school principles

Answer 11

That the behavior stems from beyond control and includes many factors and to trust that they can treat criminals to live crime free lives and that the treatment should focus on specific problems of the individuals and they focused on things like probation, parole, and indeterminate sentences

Question 12

The medical model (1930-1960)

Answer 12

That the criminals needed treatment and they used science to classify, treat, and rehabilitate and this came to see prisons as mental hospitals and during this era there was a rise of psychologists and social workers

Question 13

The community model (1960-1970)

Answer 13

During this time with the civil rights movement and Vietnam war the goal of this model would be to reintegrate offenders into the community and that prison use should be avoided and limited by using alternatives and helping them to reinterpret into society with job training skills

Question 14

The crime control model (1970-2016)

Answer 14

View crime as best controlled by more incarceration and strict supervision with a view of unforgiving of offenders