Exam 1: Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
What are the 4 elements of the management process?
planning, controlling, organizing, leading
What do Cindy Wilcock and Liz Mang do?
Cindy is in charge of registrations of exams and Liz manages research activities
What are traits of a good boss?
organized, professional, personable, flexible, on time, a leader, and trusting
What are traits of a bad boss?
a bad boss is short-tempered, lazy, irrational, picky, overpaid, has no backbone and takes credit for things they didn’t do
Would you rather be a great manager or leader? and why?
Both. because they are both important characteristics to have in business
8 skills of a manager
administers structure maintains relies on control short range view asks how and when maintains status quo does things right
8 skills of a leader
innovates focus on people develops inspires trust long range view asks what and why challenges status quo does the right thing
What video did we watch about leadership and followership? What is the significance of this video?
shirtless dancing guy who was titled the leader. He had one follower who was the first follower. Because the leader embraced the first follower as his equal, the first follower showed others how to follow so the first follower is also a type of leader
What are 5 examples of things that use the traditional pyramid?
military, religion, education, government, and business
What sort of board does a For-Profit organization have?
Board of Directors
What sort of board does a Non-Profit organization have?
Board of trustees
What is the order from top to bottom of the traditional pyramid?
CEO Senior Managers Middle Managers Front Line Managers Non-Managerial Workers
what is the role of a board of directors or board of trustees?
they are above the CEO in the traditional pyramid.
What is an example of an inverted pyramid?
W.L. Gore where the heads of departments are only ‘associates’ and the CEO (Terri Kelly) is like everyone else
what is the order from top to bottom of the INVERTED pyramid?
Customers Operating Workers Team Leaders (middle managers) Senior Managers CEO
Who is the CEO of W.L. Gore and what is unique about her?
Terri Kelly. She uses an inverted pyramid in her company. No one tells the workers what to do, they decide what to work on and where they’ll do the best job. They determine who is going to be a leader based on who follows them. This company has no titles.
What are the three types of manager roles?
interpersonal, informational, and decisional
What are the components that overlap in the interpersonal role of a manager?
leader, liaison, and figure-head
What are the components that overlap in the informational role of a manager?
monitor, disseminator, being a spokesperson
What are the components that overlap in the decisional role?
negotiator, resource allocator, entrepreneur (deciding what to do next), and disturbance handler
which of the following is NOT a skill of a manager?
a. Maintains
b. Long range view
c. Relies on controls
d. structure focus
e. short range view
b. Long range view
Which of the following is NOT a skill of a leader?
a. develops
b. long range view
c. challenges status quo
d. innovates
e. administers
e. administers
when an organization developed a top/down structure we call that…
traditional
what is planning within the management process?
setting performance objectives and deciding how to achieve them
what is organizing within the management process?
arranging tasks, people, and other resources to accomplish the work
what is leading within the management process?
inspiring people to work hard to achieve high performance
what is controlling within the management process?
measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results
skills of managers…
vary based on level
what are conceptual skills?
dealing with strategy, vision, and leadership. Early on there is a low need for conceptual skills, but later on in one’s career it is more necessary
What are 3 examples of technical skills?
market research, sales, and supply chain
Who came up with the 3 skills of managers?
Harvard’s Robert Katz
Why are technical skills necessary?
they are mandatory when you leave college and enter the workforce and become less important as you go through your career
at what level in your career do you most need conceptual skill the most?
high level
at what level in your career do you most need human skill?
you need it to be good from a low level all the way to high level. constant
at what level in your career do you most need technical skill?
low level
6 top issues for managers:
globalization ethics governance diversity knowledge self-management
which of the following is NOT a foundational role of a manager?
a. interpersonal
b. structural
c. decisional
d. informational
e. technological
b. structural and e. technological
top managers are directly accountable to…
board of directors
which is NOT an example of emotional intelligence
a. self awareness
b. ethical decision making
c. self regulation
d. personal motivation
e. social awareness
b. ethical decision making
What do they following have in common: Machu Pichu The Great Pyramid The Great Wall of China The Coliseum
they are all examples of things that took management to build through history
What did Frederick Taylor Study?
Scientific Management
What is Scientific Management?
the tools, time, people, and motion in companies
What are Frederick Taylor’s 4 Scientific Principles?
- develop a “science” for each job
- hire workers with the right abilities
- train and motivate workers
- support workers based on science
What did Taylor’s scientific principles seek to do?
sought for maximum prosperity for the employer and the employee
What are negatives to the scientific principle?
it was not always beneficial to the employee (more production and no bonus, etc), and it created some tough jobs
What 2 videos did we watch about scientific principle?
First was about Henry Ford and how he utilized Scientific Principles with his mass production of Model T’s
Second was a video on BMW planet, which utilizes Scientific Principles by building cars with both robots and handiwork. There were also cameras that monitored quality
what are the big 3 approaches to management theory and practice?
Classical
Behavioral
Modern
What did Max Weber study?
Bureaucratic Organization
What are 5 characteristics of bureaucratic Organization?
- there is a clear division of labor
- there is a hierarchy
- there are formal rules and procedures
- it is impersonal
- the careers are based on merit rather than nepotism and friendship
What do bureaucratic organizations seek?
power and authority
Where are there bureaucracies?
military, religion, education, government, and business
Which 2 videos did we watch about bureaucratic organization?
first about NASA that struggles for change and innovation
Second about the Google Lunar X-Prize in which teams compete to get to the moon and win $30 million which is an example of a NON bureaucratic approach
What did Henri Fayol Study?
administrative principles
What are the three components of classical management research?
scientific management, bureaucratic organization, administrative principles
What are 5 components of administrative principles?
- there is foresight/planning
- there is organization
- there is command
- there is coordination
- there is control
What do the administrative principles work for?
clear communication in all levels or organization and unity of command (one boss per person)
Which item below is part of Taylor’s Scientific Management Approach?
a. pursue innovation routinely
b. develop a science for each job
c. engage a university expert
d. use science in product development
b. develop a science for each job
Who is better at identifying a bureaucracy?
Max Weber
Hawthorne effect
the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected
Who conducted the Hawthorne studies?
Elton Mayo
What were the hawthorne studies?
studies on human relationships. He isolated six assembly workers in a special room and measured the effect on outputs based on various rest pauses and length of work days and work weeks. the workers had nice conversations and got more attention from the researchers than they got from supervisors in their usual jobs.
What was the result of the hawthorne studies?
since the researchers gave the workers more attention they wanted to live up to the researchers expectations so they did well. Productivity increased no matter incentive and groups have negative/positive influences on member behavior.
What did Abraham Maslow create?
the hierarchy of needs
what does the hierarchy of needs display?
the level of human fulfillment
What is the hierarchy of needs from top to bottom?
self actualization esteem needs social needs safety needs physiological needs
what are physiological needs in the hierarchy of needs?
food, water, fresh air
what are safety needs in the hierarchy of needs?
having no physical, emotional, or financial threats
what are social needs in the hierarchy of needs?
friends, family, love, and belonging
what are esteem needs in the hierarchy of needs?
how you see yourself, feeling respect, and confidence
what are self actualization needs in the hierarchy of needs?
include the progression principle (once the needs below are satisfied you can move up to the next level) and the deficit principle (if a need is satisfied you no longer want that need)
What is an example of self actualization?
JK Rowling used failure to achieve more. she was at the bottom trying to just satisfy her physiological needs but once she overcame them she reached self-actualization and wrote Harry Potter
Theory X
assumes people: dislike work lack ambition follow and don't lead resist change are irresponsible
Theory X managers…
feel like the NEED to tell employees what to do
Theory Y
assumes people: willing to work are capable/creative are self-controlled are self-directed are responsible
Theory Y managers…
are motivated to give employees responsibility
who created theory X & Y?
Douglas McGregor
What videos did we watch about theory X and Y
general manager at USAA=theory Y boss and was well liked by employees
The Office and saw a boss who is micro-managing (people’s biggest complaint)
In the hawthorne study, Mayo found…
productivity increased no matter the incentive
Maslow has 5 levels of human need reflected in his models. Which of the following is NOT one of those:
a. safety
b. esteem
c. productivity
d. physiological
e. social
c. productivity
What is Unity of Command?
One boss per person
What is the scalar principle?
clear communication at all levels of the organization
What are the the 4 modern approaches to management?
- operations management and science
- customer driven open systems
- contingency thinking
- quality management evidence based management
What are the two parts of operations and management science?
- Queuing Theory
2. Think-line Science
What are the queuing theory and think-line science?
technical tools and methodology that explore how long someone will wait in line without getting upset
what is an example of the queuing theory and think-line science?
disney parks offer distractions and entertainment while you are on line as well as fast passes that let you skip lines. They also allow the visitor to feel control by providing signs that display how long the wait is
what are customer driven open systems?
an aspect of modern management that pay close attention to the opinion of the customer
What is the routine of customer driven open systems?
resources go in
then the business creates the product
then the customers get the completed goods and services
and then customer feedback goes back to step one to the resources
What is an example of a customer driven open system?
Zara International. They have a 2 week design cycle that replenishes the designs while improving with the customer’s reactions, design imitators, and attractive price points
what video did we watch about customer driven open systems?
opening of Zara in Mumbai where they used an actress to attracted young people for good prices
What is contingency thinking?
an aspect of modern management that focuses on the “what if?”
Contingency means alternative. Goes hand in hand with crisis management
what is quality management?
a type of modern management that surrounds itself with tools and methodology
Six Sigma
having tools and methodology to improve any process
an example of quality management
the Lean Principle
having tools and methodology to reduce waste in the system
an example of quality management
What are 3 types of skills that decision makers should possess?
- Computer Literacy
- Interpersonal Skill
- Information competency
what is an example we talked about in class about decision making?
Chilean miners in 2010. Pinera, the president of Chile, made the decision to continue the rescue because he had an inner feeling that the miners were still alive. This is a good lesson of crisis management because he did not hesitate with his energy and resources and didn’t give up
3 types of ways managers can act towards problems
- problem avoider
- problem solver
- problem seeker
problem avoider
manager who runs from problems. such as the captain of the Costa Concordia that left the cruise ship after it crashed. He didn’t want to deal with the problem so he left
problem solver
type of manager who finds a resolution to a current problem, but only when required. Like when the sandusky scandal broke out and Terri Pegula decided to still donate money despite the problem that arose
problem seeker
most important decision making skill to have.
Finding potential problems ahead of time to try and solve the problem
Intuitive thinker example
Captain Sullenberger landed the plane on the hudson because he knew he could hurt more people by landing in the city
systematic thinker example
Captain Sullenberger analyzed what was going on when his plane malfunctioned and decided he had to land
systematic thinking
approaches problems in a flexible and spontaneous fashion
intuitive thinking
approaches problems in a flexible and spontaneous fashion
programmed problems
have a set of ways of being solved, like the schedule for the Thomas building during the day
non-programmed problems
do not have set ways of being solved, like the sandusky scandal
certain environment
offers complete info on possible action alternatives and their consequences
risk environment
lacks complete info but offers probabilities of the likely outcomes for possible action alternatives
uncertain environment
lacks so much info that it is difficult to assign probabilities to the likely outcomes of alternatives
high programmed decision
applies a solution from past experience to a routine problem
non programmed decision
applies a specific solution that has been crafted to address a unique problem
what are the steps of the traditional decision-making process?
identify problem –> develop alternatives –> decide on action –> improve decision –> evaluate results –>
what is an example we talked about in class about the traditional decision making process?
Ronnie Johnson and the super soaker
What is DMAIC?
advanced Six Sigma decision making process: Defining Measuring Analyzing Improving Controlling
the PSU Ice Arena is ready and the Sandusky Scandal hits. What do you do next?
Seek out stakeholders and talk about potential problems early
You are asked to make a decision for your company based on objective facts. What type of decision-making style are you using?
Sensation and thinking
What is PONG?
Personal
Organizational
National
Global
ethics is absolutely….
PERSONAL
from 2009-2011, confidence in senior leaders…
dropped
what is ethics driven by?
LEADERS
What was the % of US workers perceiving pressure to commit misconduct in…
a. 1994
b. 2000
c. 2003
d. 2005
e. 2007
f. 2009
g. 2011
a. 28%
b. 14%
c. 11%
d. 11%
e. 10%
f. 8%
g. 13%
what is ethics?
having a set of principles, the right conduct, and underlying values
moral absolutism
when you go to do business in a different country and use the same values and operate the same way as you did in your country of origin
cultural relativism
when you go to a different country and act the way and operate the way they do there
conventional approach to ethics is
comparing actual behavior to what ought to be
what are the 4 parts of moral reasoning
individualism
moral rights
utilitarian
justice
descriptive (ethics)
conventional, what is happening
normative (ethics)
what ought to be, what should actually be happening
ethical framework
guideline to help us make a decision in an ethical situation
What are the 6 things to consider when making an ethical decision?
- awareness
- facts
- stakeholders
- standards
- values
- actions
What are kolberg’s 3 levels of moral development?
Level 1: Preconventional 1. Punish 2. Reward Level 2: conventional 3. Good 4. Law level 3: post conventional 5. Social 6. Universal
5 organizational ethics components part 1
- leadership
- ethics officers
- codes
- training
- audits
5 organizational ethics components part 2
- industry standard
- avoid undue authority
- communicate
- detector and prevention
- compliance and standards
What is the most important factor influencing employee unethical behavior?
behavior of supervisors
What is the fortune 100 approach to ethics?
- Rules/compliance
2. Ethics/Values/Codes of Conduct
