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ES380 > Exam 1 (chapters 1,2,3) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (chapters 1,2,3) Flashcards

1
Q

Glycogeneisis

A

Glucose is converted into Glycogen

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2
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen is converted into glucose

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3
Q

Lipogenisis

A

Glucose, protein, fatty acids converted to triglycerides

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4
Q

Lipolysis

A

triglycerides (fat) converted to fatty acids, glycerol

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5
Q

T/F fat has a high ATP yield but slow

A

True

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6
Q

You have _____ kcals of carb storage and _____ of fat storage.

A

2000, 75,000

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7
Q

when is protein used for energy?

A

during starvation or prolonged exercise

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8
Q

How does the body use protein for energy? Converted to… process called….

A

Converted to glucose through gluconeogensis

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9
Q

Describe Mass action effect?

A

the body will use the substrate it has the most of.

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10
Q

what is the significance of a rate limiting enzyme?

A

the process has to go through enzyme to continue, sometimes causes bottle neck affect

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11
Q

describe negative feedback?

A

the products inhibit the reaction

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12
Q

how is ATP used for energy? reaction equation?

A

ATP + water + ATPase–> ADP + phosphate +energy

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13
Q

What is the ATP yield of the PCr pathway?

A

1 mol ATP/ 1 mol PCr

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14
Q

Where does the PCr pathway occur?

A

cytoplasm

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15
Q

Describe the PCr pathway equation?

A

Phosphocreating + creatine kinase –> Creating + phosphate +free energy. phosphate + energy + adp –> ATP

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16
Q

will a high ATP concentration and low ADP increase or decrease the rate of the PCr pathway?

A

decrease

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17
Q

what is the substrate and product of glycolysis?

A

glucose is the substrate and pyruvate is the product

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18
Q

What is the first step of Glycolysis

A

1 ATP is used to convert glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate

19
Q

What enzyme is used to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate?

A

Hexokinase

20
Q

If you start with glucose how many ATP will be produced during glycolysis? what about if you start with glycogen?

A

2 ATP for glucose, 3 for glycogen

21
Q

what is glycolysis economically advantages?

A

the process occurs twice

22
Q

PFKs role in glycolysis

A

PFK uses energy to convert fructose to a new form. It is the rate limiting enzyme

23
Q

What happens to PFK activity if ATP is high? what if there is a low pH?

A

decreased enzyme activity. decreased glycolysis. understands that the body doesnt need more energy

24
Q

What is pyruvate converted to?

A

either acetly co-A or lactate

25
Q

When does pyruvate convert to lactate?

A

Will convert to lactate when NAD+ cant pick up enough hydrogen. pH will drop to acidic and body will want to convert it to lactate in order to take up some of the hydrogen. Hydrogen is taken from NAD to produce lactate and NAD+ can go pick up more H

26
Q

enzyme used to convert pyruvate to lactate?

A

lactate dehydrogenase

27
Q

when does pyruvate convert to acetly co-A?

A

when NAD+ can handle hydrogen production

28
Q

where does oxidation take place?

A

mitochondria

29
Q

ATP yield when using glucose? fatty acids? glycerol

A

32 for glucose. 100 fatty acids. 4 glycerol

30
Q

What are the three parts of oxidation cycle? how much energy does each part produce

A

Glycolysis (2) –> krebs cycle (2) –> ETC (28)

31
Q

enzyme used to convert pryuvate to acetly co-A

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

32
Q

describe krebs cycle equation. starting with 1 glucose?

A

1 glucose –> 2 pyruvate –> 2 acetyl co-A –> 2 FADH + 6 NADH

33
Q

does the krebs cycle have a limiting enzyme? if so what is it called

A

yes, isocitrate dehyrdogenase

34
Q

NADH and FADH role in ETC?

A

carry hydrogen to ETC

35
Q

ATP yiel for each NADH in ETC? FADH?

A

2.5 for NADH, 1.5 for FADH

36
Q

what is beta-oxidation of fat?

A

fatty acids are converted to acetyl co-A

37
Q

does beta- oxidation require energy?

A

yes 2 ATP

38
Q

Describe process of beta-oxidation?

A

2 carbon Acyl groups are taken at a time and converted to acetyl co-A

39
Q

how much oxygen is needed for fat oxidation?

A

23 oxygen molecules

40
Q

how many FADH and NADH are in 1 “2 carbon acyl”

A

1 of each

41
Q

without taking oxygen requirments into account, which substrate is more effient, glucose or fat?

A

fat. but it requires a lot more oxygen so in the end carbs are the most efficient

42
Q

What substrate is most likely being used during low intensity workouts?

A

fat

43
Q

describe the crossover concept?

A

the point where intensity is too high to continue using fats, so body will switch to carbs

44
Q

what does endurance training do to oxidative capacity of type II fibes?

A

type II (fast twitch fibers) usually more reliant on glycolysis but training can increase capacity for oxidative pathway

ES380 (7 decks)

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