Exam #1: Chapter 4 - Ethical Issues

Question 1

Moral indifference

Answer 1

An individual questions why morality in practice is even necessary

Question 2

Moral uncertainty or conflict

Answer 2

An individual is unsure which moral principles or values apply and may even include uncertainty as to what the moral problem is

Question 3

Moral distress

Answer 3

Occurs when the individual knows the right thing to do but organizational constraints make it difficult to take the right course of action

Question 4

Moral outrage

Answer 4

Occurs when an individual witnesses the immoral act of another but feels powerless to stop it

Question 5

Ethical dilemmas

Answer 5

Described as being forced to choose between two or more undesirable alternatives

Question 6

Ethical Frameworks include

Answer 6

• Utilitarian (telelogical)
• Rights based (deontological)
• Duty based (deontological)
• Intuitionist (deontological)

Question 7

Ethical Framework: Utilitarian

Answer 7

Provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Question 8

Ethical Framework: Rights based

Answer 8

Individuals have basic inherent rights that should not be interfered with

Question 9

Ethical Framework: Duty based

Answer 9

A duty to do something or to refrain from doing something

Question 10

Ethical Framework: Intuitionist

Answer 10

Each case weighed on a case-by-case basis to determine relative goals, duties and rights.

Question 11

Paternalism

Answer 11

One individual assumes the right to make decisions for another

Question 12

Utility

Answer 12

The good of many outweighs the wants or needs of the individual

Question 13

Veracity

Answer 13

Obligation to tell the truth

Question 14

Fidelity

Answer 14

Need to keep promises

Question 15

Types of Problem-Solving Processes

Answer 15

• Traditional problem-solving process
• Nursing process
• MORAL decision-making model

Question 16

MORAL Decision Making Model

Answer 16

M—Massage the dilemma.
O—Outline options.
R—Review criteria and resolve.
A—Affirm position and act.
L—Look back. Evaluate the decision making.

Question 17

Strategies to Promote Ethical Behavior as the Norm

Answer 17

1. Separate legal and ethical issues.
2. Collaborate through ethics committees.
3. Use institutional review boards appropriately.
4. Foster an ethical work environment.

Question 18

Code of Ethics

Answer 18

Function as the highest standards of ethical practice for nurses