Exam #1: Chapter 1 - Decision Making, Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, and Clinical Reasoning: Requisites for Successful Leadership and Management

Question 1

Characteristics of a critical thinker include

Answer 1

• Insight
• Intuition
• Empathy
• Willingness to take action

Question 2

Problem based learning

Answer 2

provides opportunities for learners to address and learn from authentic problems vicariously

Question 3

Characteristics of successful decision makers

Answer 3

• Self-aware
• Courageous
• Sensitive
• Energetic
• Creative

Question 4

The Traditional Problem Solving Process

Answer 4

• Identify the problem.
• Gather data to identify the causes and consequences of the problem.
• Explore alternative solutions.
• Evaluate each alternative
• Select appropriate solution
• Implement solution
• Evaluate results.

Question 5

Managerial Decision-Making Model

Answer 5

• Determine the decision and the desired outcome (set objectives).
• Research and identify options.
• Compare and contrast these options and their consequences.
• Make a decision.
• Implement an action plan.
• Evaluate results

Question 6

Critical Elements in Problem Solving and Decision Making

Answer 6

• State a clear objective.
• Gather data carefully.
• Take the time necessary.
• Use an evidence-based approach.
• Generate many alternatives.
• Think logically.
• Choose and act decisively.

Question 7

Strategies for New Nurses to Promote Evidence-Based Practice

Answer 7

• Keep abreast of the evidence.
• Use multiple sources of evidence.
• Use evidence to support clinical interventions and teaching strategies.
• Find established sources of evidence.
• Implement and evaluate nationally sanctioned clinical practice guidelines.
• Question and challenge nursing traditions.
• Dispel myths and traditions not supported by evidence.
• Collaborate with other nurses locally and globally.
• Interact with other disciplines to bring nursing evidence to the table.

Question 8

Decision-Making Grills

Answer 8

Decision grids
Payoff tables
Decision trees
Consequence tables
Logic models
Program evaluation and review technique

Question 9

Economic Man

Answer 9

• Makes decisions in a very rational manner
• Has complete knowledge of the problem or decision situation.
• Has a complete list of possible alternatives
• Has a rational system of ordering preference of alternatives.
• Selects the decision that will maximize utility

Question 10

Administrative Man

Answer 10

• Makes decisions that are good enough.
• Because complete knowledge is not possible, knowledge is always fragmented.
• Because consequences of alternatives occur in the future, they are impossible to predict accurately.
• Usually chooses from among a few alternatives, not all possible ones.
• The final choice is satisficing rather than minimizing.