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Pathophysiology SU BSN > Exam 1 - Ch. 6 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Ch. 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Chemical modifications of DNA sequences that alter the expression of genes resulting in disease and phenotypic variations

A

Epigenetics

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2
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

DNA Methylation
Histone modification
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs)

A

Types of epigenetic modifications

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3
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Causes a gene to become transcriptionally inactive or silent

A

DNA Methylation

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4
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

The silencing of tumor-suppressor genes in cancer development

A

Aberrant methylation

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5
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

A group of basic proteins found in chromatin/DNA

A

Histone

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6
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

DNA segment that is loosely bound to associated histones, transcriptionally active

A

Euchromatic

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7
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

DNA segment that is tightly bound to associated histones, transcriptionally inactive

A

Heterochromatic

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8
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Decreases the positive charge of histones

A

Histone acetylation

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9
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Increase or decrease of DNA-Histone bond

A

Histone methylation

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10
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Most common in cells undergoing epigenetic transition

Explains methylation loss in embryonic development

Hydroxymethyl group affixes to C5 of cytosine

A

DNA Hydroxymethylation

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11
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Type of epigenetic modification that is critical during development and cell differentiation

Short nucleotides derived from:
Introns of protein coding genes
Non coding DNA located among genes

A

Micro RNA (miRNA)

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12
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

miRNA that stimulates cancer development and progression

A

Oncomirs

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13
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Ensures that specific genes are expressed only in the cells and tissue types in which their gene products are needed

A

Differential epigenetic modification

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14
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

the process of gene silencing, in which genes are predictably silenced, depending on which parent transmits them

Transcriptionally silenced genes “imprinted” are usually heavily methylated

A

Genomic imprinting

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15
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Ethanol exposure in utero
Depression and poverty
PTSD
Suicidal ideation/behavior
Autism-spectrum disorder
A

Epigenetics in cognitive development

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16
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

Nutrition deprivation and chemicals in breast milk
Maternal care arched back nursing
Aging Understanding environmental impacts on epigenetics can lead to life span extension

A

Related factors of epigenetics

17
Q

Ch. 6 reverse

DNA methylation and cancer tumor cells
• Exhibit hypomethylation → ↑ activity of oncogenes.
• Hypomethylation ↑ as tumors progress from benign neoplasms to malignancy

A

Epigenetics and Cancer

Pathophysiology SU BSN (8 decks)

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