Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) Flashcards
The primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc during prenatal development, causing:
a. initiation of palatal development.
b. bilateral symmetry.
c. fusion of the mandibular processes.
d. disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane.
b.bilateral symmetry.
- What does the maxillary process form from during the fourth week of prenatal development?
a. Lateral nasal processes
b. Mandibular arch
c. Intermaxillary segment
d. Medial nasal processes
b.Mandibular arch
The height of the _____ fold and the ______ are landmarks for the administration of the posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
mucobuccal; maxillary tuberosity
- Which of the following muscles can show enlargement due to repetitive muscle contraction associated with clenching of the teeth in a patient?
a. Buccinator muscle
b. Masseter muscle
c. Temporalis muscle
d. Zygomatic muscle
b.Masseter muscle
- Implantation of the zygote may also occur outside the uterus during prenatal development with a(n):
a. infection with rubella.
b. infection with syphilis.
c. ectopic pregnancy.
d. case of ectodermal dysplasia.
c.ectopic pregnancy.
- What exact cells or structures develop from neuroectoderm and migrate from the neural folds to then join mesoderm to form mesenchyme during the third week of prenatal development?
a. Somites
b. Neural crest cells
c. Mesoderm
d. Yolk sac
b.Neural crest cells
The ______ _____ provides anesthesia for the mandibular anteriors and premolars but only for the associated facial periodontium, and it can be used bilaterally without complications.
mental block
- The developmental disturbance of cleft lip is more commonly found:
a. in males.
b. bilaterally.
c. on the right side.
d. on the lower lip.
a.in males.
- How many pairs of somites form the cuboidal segments of mesoderm within the embryo during the third week of prenatal development?
a. 12
b. 18
c. 38
d. 42
c.38
- A type of cleft lip can result during prenatal development from the lack of fusion between _____ processes.
a. mandibular and maxillary
b. medial nasal and maxillary
c. lateral nasal and medial nasal
d. two lateral nasal
e. lateral nasal and maxillary
b.medial nasal and maxillary
Which muscle of facial expression compress the cheeks during chewing assisting the muscles in mastication?
a. risorus
b. buccinator
c. mentalis
d. orbicularis oris
e. masseter
b. buccinator
- By the end of the first week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes:
a. implantation.
b. migration.
c. disintegration.
d. amniocentesis.
a.implantation.
_____ is the embryonic layer located between ectoderm and endoderm.
Mesoderm
- When do the paranasal sinuses develop during prenatal development?
a. Preimplantation period
b. Embryonic period
c. Fetal period
d. Fetal period and after birth
d.Fetal period and after birth
_____ is the process of joining embryonic tissue of two separate surfaces, elimination of a furrow between two adjacent swellings, or development disturbances in which adjacent tooth germs unite to form large tooth
Fusion
- The neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structures during prenatal development?
a. Stomodeum
b. First branchial arch
c. Neural folds
d. Frontonasal process
c.Neural folds
- Which of the following can occur that mainly involves the abnormal development of one or more structures from ectoderm within the embryonic period?
a. Treacher Collins syndrome
b. Ectodermal dysplasia
c. Congenital syphilis
d. Fetal alcohol syndrome
b.Ectodermal dysplasia
- The line of demarcation between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is the:
a. mucogingival junction.
b. interdental gingiva.
c. mucobuccal fold.
d. marginal gingiva.
a.mucogingival junction.
Which of the following descriptions concerning the masseter muscle is CORRECT?
a. most superficial muscle of the facial expression
b. originates from the zygomatic arch
c. insert on the medial surface of the mandible’s angle
d. depresses the mandible during jaw movement
b. originates from the zygomatic arch
After fertilization, the zygote then undergoes _____ , or individual cell division, that splits it into more and more cells due to cleavage.
mitosis
The maxillary first molar is usually NOT a landmark for any maxillary nerve anesthesia, but the ______ _____ _____ is a landmark for the administration of the posterior superior alveolar nerve block.
maxillary second molar
- The pink labial mucosa or buccal mucosa meets the redder _____ at the mucobuccal fold.
a. marginal gingiva
b. attached gingiva
c. alveolar mucosa
d. interdental papilla
c.alveolar mucosa
Which of the following muscles is considered a muscle of mastication?
a. buccinator
b. risorius
c. mentalis
d. masseter
e. corrugator supercilii
d. masseter
cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells
Mitosis
- When do the paranasal sinuses develop during prenatal development?
a. Preimplantation period
b. Embryonic period
c. Fetal period
d. Fetal period and after birth
d.Fetal period and after birth
______ is the superior layer of the bilaminar embryonic disc
Epiblast
Frontonasal process
4th week
- How many processes are considered major during facial development so that they become the centers of growth for the face?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
d.Five
- In which of the following do the final stages of meiosis occur during prenatal development?
a. Placenta
b. Ovum
c. Sperm
d. Yolk sac
b.Ovum
- The development of the neck parallels the development of the face over time, beginning during the fourth week of prenatal development within the embryonic period and completed during the _____ period.
a. preimplantation
b. embryonic
c. fetal
d. both the embryonic and fetal
c.fetal
If there is failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the facial region, _____ syndrome develops in the embryo.
Treacher Collins
- From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived during prenatal development?
a. Epiblast layer
b. Hypoblast layer
c. Endoderm
d. Neuroectoderm
a.Epiblast layer
The ______ is a landmark for the administration of the inferior alveolar nerve block.
coronoid notch
Which of the following muscles has two bellies, giving the muscles two different origins?
a. lateral pteryoid
b. geniohyoid
c. thyrohyoid
d. stylohyoid
a. lateral pteryoid
After folding of the disc, the _____ lies inside the _____, with mesoderm filling in the areas between these two layers. This movement of the embryonic cell layers forms one long, hollow tube lined by endoderm from the cephalic end to the caudal end of the embryo
endoderm; ectoderm
Medial nasal processes
weeks 4-7
- From the following list of oral cavity landmarks, select those that need to be noted before administering a clinically effective inferior alveolar nerve block. (Select all that apply.)
a. Occlusal plane
b. Maxillary tuberosity
c. Pterygomandibular fold
d. Coronoid notch
e. Mandibular notch
a. Occlusal plane
c. Pterygomandibular fold
d. Coronoid notch
- The anterior part of the foregut and will form the primitive pharynx and the foregut is originally derived from the:
a. endoderm embryonic cell layer.
b. mesoderm embryonic cell layer.
c. ectoderm embryonic cell layer.
d. neural crest cells.
a.endoderm embryonic cell layer.
The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the scallopp-shaped ________
Mucogingival junction
A process that takes plce during tissue growth or regeneration, which is different than mitosis that takes place during fertilization
Mitosis
By the end of the _____ week of the preimplantation period, the blastocyst stops traveling and undergoes ______ and thus becomes embedded in the prepared endometrium, the innermost lining of the uterus on its back wall.
first; implantation
- The fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes to form the upper lip is completed during the end of the _____ week of prenatal development, when the grooves between the processes are obliterated.
a. fourth
b. fifth
c. sixth
d. seventh
d.seventh
Which of the following local anesthetic nerve blocks uses the apex of the maxillary canine for a landmark during administration?
a. Infraorbital nerve block
b. Anterior superior alveolar nerve block
c. Middle superior alveolar nerve block
d. Posterior superior alveolar nerve block
b.Anterior superior alveolar nerve block
- In which week of prenatal development does facial development begin in the embryo?
a. Second
b. Fourth
c. Fifth
d. Eighth
b.Fourth
- On what structure do BOTH heads of the masseter muscle originate?
a. Zygomatic process of the maxilla
b. Coronoid process
c. Zygomatic process of the frontal bone
d. Zygomatic arch
d.Zygomatic arch
The gingival tissue that adheres to the teeth is _____
attached gingiva
- The mandibular arch during the embryonic period of prenatal development is the:
a. fusion of the two paired mandibular processes.
b. swelling found superior to the stomodeum.
c. structure that gives rise to the lateral nasal process.
d. posterior part of the hard palate.
a.fusion of the two paired mandibular processes.
Which of the following is the BEST term used for the embryonic layer located between the ectoderm and the endoderm?
a. Mesenchyme
b. Ectomesenchyme
c. Mesoderm
d. Mesiodens
c. Mesoderm
- Which of the following muscles when unilaterally contracted deviates the mandible to one side?
a. Masseter muscle
b. Lateral pterygoid muscle
c. Medial pterygoid muscle
d. Temporalis muscle
b.Lateral pterygoid muscle
Which muscle listed below is MOST superficial in regard to location?
a. masseter muscle
b. medial pterygoid muscle
c. lateral pterygoid muscle
d. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
c. lateral pterygoid muscle
During the beginning of the third week of prenatal development within the embryonic period, the primitive streak forms within the bilaminar disc. The primitive streak causes the disc to have _____, with a right half and left half.
bilateral symmetry
- The facial development that starts in the fourth week will be completed later in the _____ week within the fetal period.
a. fifth
b. sixth
c. eighth
d. twelfth
d.twelfth
Process of reproductive cell production that ensures correct number of chromosomes
Meiosis
Transient facial paralysis can occur with which INCORRECTLY administered local anesthetic block?
A. Posterior superior alveolar block
B. Middle superior alveolar block
C. Nasopalatine block
D. Inferior alveolar block
E. Mental block
D. Inferior alveolar block
By the end of the ______ week, the mesoderm additionally differentiates and begins to divide on each side of the tube into 38 paired cuboidal segments of mesoderm, forming the _____.
third; somites
What do the muscles of mastication work with to accomplish movements of the mandible?
a. Maxillae
b. Temporal bone
c. Temporomandibular joint
d. Zygoma
e. Hard palate
c. Temporomandibular joint
The first week of prenatal development is best characterized by further ______ cleavage, in which the blastocyst splits into smaller and more numerous cells as it undergoes successive cell divisions by _____.
mitotic; mitosis
When does the maxillary and nasal processes form?
4th week
- If there is failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the facial region during prenatal development, _____ can develop in the embryo.
a. ectodermal dysplasia
b. fetal alcohol syndrome
c. Down syndrome
d. Treacher Collins syndrome
d.Treacher Collins syndrome
- What is the exact term for the process that affords the development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration and inductive interactions?
a. Folding
b. Morphogenesis
c. Proliferation
d. Appositional or interstitial growth
b.Morphogenesis
The neural crest cells migrate from the crests of the neural folds and then join the _______ to form mesenchyme.
mesoderm
- The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arch on each side to create the:
a. philtrum.
b. tubercle.
c. labial commissures.
d. lower lip.
c.labial commissures.
- Which of the following phrases concerning the second branchial arch during prenatal development is correct?
a. Called the mandibular arch
b. Contains Reichert cartilage
c. Forms into the muscles of mastication
d. Associated with the trigeminal nerve
b.Contains Reichert cartilage
- The folding of the embryo during prenatal development causes _____ to be on the _____.
a. endoderm; inside of the embryo
b. ectoderm; inside of endoderm
c. endoderm; outside of the mesoderm
d. mesoderm; outside of the ectoderm
a.endoderm; inside of the embryo
- The _____ are rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing special sense organs.
a. placodes
b. branchial arches
c. branchial pouches
d. processes
a.placodes
- The philtrum of the upper lip forms during sixth week of prenatal development from the:
a. mandibular processes.
b. medial nasal processes.
c. lateral nasal processes.
d. nasal placodes.
b.medial nasal processes.
The migratory cells located in the middle between the epiblast and hypoblast layers become mesoderm, an embryonic connective tissue, as well as embryonic ______.
endoderm
- From the following list of muscles, select which are considered muscles of mastication. (Select all that apply.)
a. Buccinator
b. Risorius
c. Platysma
d. Temporalis
e. Masseter
d. Temporalis
e. Masseter
From the following list of oral cavity landmarks, select those that need to be noted before administering a clinically effective posterior superior alveolar nerve block. (Select all that apply.)
a. Mucobuccal fold
b. Coronoid notch
c. Maxillary first molar
d. Maxillary tuberosity
a. Mucobuccal fold
d. Maxillary tuberosity
- Which of the following facial structures is formed from the mandibular arch during prenatal development?
a. Forehead
b. Lower face
c. Philtrum
d. Nose
b.Lower face
At the cephalic end, the oropharyngeal membrane forms, which consists of only ______ externally and endoderm internally, without any intermediate mesoderm.
ectoderm
The mental foramen is usually located between the apices of which of the following mandibular teeth?
A. First and second molars
B. Second and third molars
C. First and second premolars
D. First premolar and canine
C. First and second premolars
- On which of the following orofacial tissue is the linea alba located?
a. Attached gingiva
b. Marginal gingiva
c. Labial mucosa
d. Buccal mucosa
d.Buccal mucosa
- Surrounding the teeth in the alveoli and covering the alveolar processes is the _____, which is composed of a firm pink tissue.
a. gingiva
b. minor salivary glands
c. Fordyce spots
d. linea alba
a.gingiva
- When does the blastocyte stop traveling and undergo implantation during prenatal development?
a. First week
b. Second week
c. Third week
d. Fourth week
a.First week
_____ is a layer in trilaminar embryonic disc derived from hypoblast layer.
Endoderm
Which specific muscle can become clinically enlarged in patients who habitually clench or grind (with bruxism) their teeth and in those who constantly chew gum?
a. Masseter muscle
b. Lateral pterygoid muscle
c. Medial pterygoid muscle
d. Temporalis muscle
a. Masseter muscle
Which local anesthetic block anesthetizes the largest intraoral area?
A. Buccal block
B. Inferior alveolar block
C. Mental block
D. Incisive block
B. Inferior alveolar block
Which of the following muscles is involved in the lateral deviation of the mandible?
a. masseter muscle
b. medial pterygoid muscle
c. lateral pterygoid muscle
d. temporalis muscle
e. digastric muscle
c. lateral pterygoid muscle
The ______ of the hyoid arches helps form the muscles of facial expression, the middle ear muscles, and a suprahyoid muscle.
mesoderm
Which of the following locations is the BEST injection site for the inferior alveolar local anesthetic nerve block?
a. Medial to the pterygomandibular fold
b. Lateral to the pterygomandibular fold
c. Superior to the pterygomandibular fold
d. Inferior to the pterygomandibular fold
b.Lateral to the pterygomandibular fold
In addition, during the third week, another specialized group of cells, the _____ cells, develop from neuroectoderm.
neural crest
- Found in early prenatal development, the neural tube will form in the future which of the following structures?
a. Heart
b. Spinal cord
c. Face
d. Digestive tract
b.Spinal cord
_______ means that each half of embryo mirrors the other half
Bilateral symmetry
- Which of the following muscles when contracted allows for the retraction of the mandible?
a. Masseter muscle
b. Temporalis muscle
c. Lateral pterygoid muscle
d. Medial pterygoid muscle
b.Temporalis muscle
The mucogingival junction is a line of demarcation between the attached gingiva and the:
a. buccal mucosa.
b. marginal gingiva.
c. gingival sulcus.
d. alveolar mucosa.
d. alveolar mucosa.
- Which of the following muscles inserts onto the coronoid process?
a. Lateral pterygoid muscle
b. Masseter muscle
c. Medial pterygoid muscle
d. Temporalis muscle
d.Temporalis muscle
- Which of the following tissues listed will develop from the ectoderm layer of the embryo during prenatal development?
a. Epidermis
b. Liver
c. Muscle
d. Dermis
a.Epidermis
The ______ _____ block provides anesthesia for the pulp tissue of ALL the mandibular teeth as well as for the associated facial periodontium of the mandibular anteriors and premolars, but it is NOT recommended to use bilaterally due to complications with swallowing.
inferior alveolar
- The medial nasal processes are involved directly in the formation of the embryo’s _____ of the nose during prenatal development.
a. bridge
b. sides
c. bridge and sides
d. nasal placodes
a.bridge
_____ is a layer in trilaminar embryonic disc derived from epiblast layer and lining stomodeum
Ectoderm
Which of the following local anesthetic blocks has the SAME injection site as the incisive local anesthetic block?
A. Nasopalatine block
B. Greater palatine block
C. Inferior alveolar block
D. Buccal block
E. Mental Block
E. Mental Block
- What best characterizes the first week of prenatal development so that the blastocyst splits into smaller and more numerous cells?
a. Implantation
b. Mitotic cleavage
c. Meiosis
d. Fertilization
b.Mitotic cleavage
- Which period of prenatal development is characterized by increased cellular differentiation?
a. Unattached conceptus
b. Embryonic period
c. Preimplantation period
d. Fetal period
c.Preimplantation period
- Which of the following are considered cervical muscles?
a. Masseter and medial pterygoid muscles
b. Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
c. Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
d. Buccinator and epicranial muscles
c.Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
