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Histology > Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Ch 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

The primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc during prenatal development, causing:

a. initiation of palatal development.
b. bilateral symmetry.
c. fusion of the mandibular processes.
d. disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane.

A

b.bilateral symmetry.

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2
Q
  1. What does the maxillary process form from during the fourth week of prenatal development?
    a. Lateral nasal processes
    b. Mandibular arch
    c. Intermaxillary segment
    d. Medial nasal processes
A

b.Mandibular arch

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3
Q

The height of the _____ fold and the ______ are landmarks for the administration of the posterior superior alveolar nerve block.

A

mucobuccal; maxillary tuberosity

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles can show enlargement due to repetitive muscle contraction associated with clenching of the teeth in a patient?
    a. Buccinator muscle
    b. Masseter muscle
    c. Temporalis muscle
    d. Zygomatic muscle
A

b.Masseter muscle

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5
Q
  1. Implantation of the zygote may also occur outside the uterus during prenatal development with a(n):
    a. infection with rubella.
    b. infection with syphilis.
    c. ectopic pregnancy.
    d. case of ectodermal dysplasia.
A

c.ectopic pregnancy.

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6
Q
  1. What exact cells or structures develop from neuroectoderm and migrate from the neural folds to then join mesoderm to form mesenchyme during the third week of prenatal development?
    a. Somites
    b. Neural crest cells
    c. Mesoderm
    d. Yolk sac
A

b.Neural crest cells

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7
Q

The ______ _____ provides anesthesia for the mandibular anteriors and premolars but only for the associated facial periodontium, and it can be used bilaterally without complications.

A

mental block

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8
Q
  1. The developmental disturbance of cleft lip is more commonly found:
    a. in males.
    b. bilaterally.
    c. on the right side.
    d. on the lower lip.
A

a.in males.

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9
Q
  1. How many pairs of somites form the cuboidal segments of mesoderm within the embryo during the third week of prenatal development?
    a. 12
    b. 18
    c. 38
    d. 42
A

c.38

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10
Q
  1. A type of cleft lip can result during prenatal development from the lack of fusion between _____ processes.
    a. mandibular and maxillary
    b. medial nasal and maxillary
    c. lateral nasal and medial nasal
    d. two lateral nasal
    e. lateral nasal and maxillary
A

b.medial nasal and maxillary

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11
Q

Which muscle of facial expression compress the cheeks during chewing assisting the muscles in mastication?

a. risorus
b. buccinator
c. mentalis
d. orbicularis oris
e. masseter

A

b. buccinator

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12
Q
  1. By the end of the first week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes:
    a. implantation.
    b. migration.
    c. disintegration.
    d. amniocentesis.
A

a.implantation.

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13
Q

_____ is the embryonic layer located between ectoderm and endoderm.

A

Mesoderm

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14
Q
  1. When do the paranasal sinuses develop during prenatal development?
    a. Preimplantation period
    b. Embryonic period
    c. Fetal period
    d. Fetal period and after birth
A

d.Fetal period and after birth

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15
Q

_____ is the process of joining embryonic tissue of two separate surfaces, elimination of a furrow between two adjacent swellings, or development disturbances in which adjacent tooth germs unite to form large tooth

A

Fusion

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16
Q
  1. The neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structures during prenatal development?
    a. Stomodeum
    b. First branchial arch
    c. Neural folds
    d. Frontonasal process
A

c.Neural folds

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following can occur that mainly involves the abnormal development of one or more structures from ectoderm within the embryonic period?
    a. Treacher Collins syndrome
    b. Ectodermal dysplasia
    c. Congenital syphilis
    d. Fetal alcohol syndrome
A

b.Ectodermal dysplasia

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18
Q
  1. The line of demarcation between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is the:
    a. mucogingival junction.
    b. interdental gingiva.
    c. mucobuccal fold.
    d. marginal gingiva.
A

a.mucogingival junction.

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19
Q

Which of the following descriptions concerning the masseter muscle is CORRECT?

a. most superficial muscle of the facial expression
b. originates from the zygomatic arch
c. insert on the medial surface of the mandible’s angle
d. depresses the mandible during jaw movement

A

b. originates from the zygomatic arch

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20
Q

After fertilization, the zygote then undergoes _____ , or individual cell division, that splits it into more and more cells due to cleavage.

A

mitosis

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21
Q

The maxillary first molar is usually NOT a landmark for any maxillary nerve anesthesia, but the ______ _____ _____ is a landmark for the administration of the posterior superior alveolar nerve block.

A

maxillary second molar

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22
Q
  1. The pink labial mucosa or buccal mucosa meets the redder _____ at the mucobuccal fold.
    a. marginal gingiva
    b. attached gingiva
    c. alveolar mucosa
    d. interdental papilla
A

c.alveolar mucosa

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23
Q

Which of the following muscles is considered a muscle of mastication?

a. buccinator
b. risorius
c. mentalis
d. masseter
e. corrugator supercilii

A

d. masseter

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24
Q

cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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25
Q
  1. When do the paranasal sinuses develop during prenatal development?
    a. Preimplantation period
    b. Embryonic period
    c. Fetal period
    d. Fetal period and after birth
A

d.Fetal period and after birth

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26
Q

______ is the superior layer of the bilaminar embryonic disc

A

Epiblast

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27
Q

Frontonasal process

A

4th week

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28
Q
  1. How many processes are considered major during facial development so that they become the centers of growth for the face?
    a. Two
    b. Three
    c. Four
    d. Five
A

d.Five

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29
Q
  1. In which of the following do the final stages of meiosis occur during prenatal development?
    a. Placenta
    b. Ovum
    c. Sperm
    d. Yolk sac
A

b.Ovum

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30
Q
  1. The development of the neck parallels the development of the face over time, beginning during the fourth week of prenatal development within the embryonic period and completed during the _____ period.
    a. preimplantation
    b. embryonic
    c. fetal
    d. both the embryonic and fetal
A

c.fetal

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31
Q

If there is failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the facial region, _____ syndrome develops in the embryo.

A

Treacher Collins

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32
Q
  1. From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived during prenatal development?
    a. Epiblast layer
    b. Hypoblast layer
    c. Endoderm
    d. Neuroectoderm
A

a.Epiblast layer

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33
Q

The ______ is a landmark for the administration of the inferior alveolar nerve block.

A

coronoid notch

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34
Q

Which of the following muscles has two bellies, giving the muscles two different origins?

a. lateral pteryoid
b. geniohyoid
c. thyrohyoid
d. stylohyoid

A

a. lateral pteryoid

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35
Q

After folding of the disc, the _____ lies inside the _____, with mesoderm filling in the areas between these two layers. This movement of the embryonic cell layers forms one long, hollow tube lined by endoderm from the cephalic end to the caudal end of the embryo

A

endoderm; ectoderm

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36
Q

Medial nasal processes

A

weeks 4-7

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37
Q
  1. From the following list of oral cavity landmarks, select those that need to be noted before administering a clinically effective inferior alveolar nerve block. (Select all that apply.)
    a. Occlusal plane
    b. Maxillary tuberosity
    c. Pterygomandibular fold
    d. Coronoid notch
    e. Mandibular notch
A

a. Occlusal plane
c. Pterygomandibular fold
d. Coronoid notch

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38
Q
  1. The anterior part of the foregut and will form the primitive pharynx and the foregut is originally derived from the:
    a. endoderm embryonic cell layer.
    b. mesoderm embryonic cell layer.
    c. ectoderm embryonic cell layer.
    d. neural crest cells.
A

a.endoderm embryonic cell layer.

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39
Q

The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the scallopp-shaped ________

A

Mucogingival junction

40
Q

A process that takes plce during tissue growth or regeneration, which is different than mitosis that takes place during fertilization

A

Mitosis

41
Q

By the end of the _____ week of the preimplantation period, the blastocyst stops traveling and undergoes ______ and thus becomes embedded in the prepared endometrium, the innermost lining of the uterus on its back wall.

A

first; implantation

42
Q
  1. The fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes to form the upper lip is completed during the end of the _____ week of prenatal development, when the grooves between the processes are obliterated.
    a. fourth
    b. fifth
    c. sixth
    d. seventh
A

d.seventh

43
Q

Which of the following local anesthetic nerve blocks uses the apex of the maxillary canine for a landmark during administration?

a. Infraorbital nerve block
b. Anterior superior alveolar nerve block
c. Middle superior alveolar nerve block
d. Posterior superior alveolar nerve block

A

b.Anterior superior alveolar nerve block

44
Q
  1. In which week of prenatal development does facial development begin in the embryo?
    a. Second
    b. Fourth
    c. Fifth
    d. Eighth
A

b.Fourth

45
Q
  1. On what structure do BOTH heads of the masseter muscle originate?
    a. Zygomatic process of the maxilla
    b. Coronoid process
    c. Zygomatic process of the frontal bone
    d. Zygomatic arch
A

d.Zygomatic arch

46
Q

The gingival tissue that adheres to the teeth is _____

A

attached gingiva

47
Q
  1. The mandibular arch during the embryonic period of prenatal development is the:
    a. fusion of the two paired mandibular processes.
    b. swelling found superior to the stomodeum.
    c. structure that gives rise to the lateral nasal process.
    d. posterior part of the hard palate.
A

a.fusion of the two paired mandibular processes.

48
Q

Which of the following is the BEST term used for the embryonic layer located between the ectoderm and the endoderm?

a. Mesenchyme
b. Ectomesenchyme
c. Mesoderm
d. Mesiodens

A

c. Mesoderm

49
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles when unilaterally contracted deviates the mandible to one side?
    a. Masseter muscle
    b. Lateral pterygoid muscle
    c. Medial pterygoid muscle
    d. Temporalis muscle
A

b.Lateral pterygoid muscle

50
Q

Which muscle listed below is MOST superficial in regard to location?

a. masseter muscle
b. medial pterygoid muscle
c. lateral pterygoid muscle
d. superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

A

c. lateral pterygoid muscle

51
Q

During the beginning of the third week of prenatal development within the embryonic period, the primitive streak forms within the bilaminar disc. The primitive streak causes the disc to have _____, with a right half and left half.

A

bilateral symmetry

52
Q
  1. The facial development that starts in the fourth week will be completed later in the _____ week within the fetal period.
    a. fifth
    b. sixth
    c. eighth
    d. twelfth
A

d.twelfth

53
Q

Process of reproductive cell production that ensures correct number of chromosomes

A

Meiosis

54
Q

Transient facial paralysis can occur with which INCORRECTLY administered local anesthetic block?
A. Posterior superior alveolar block
B. Middle superior alveolar block
C. Nasopalatine block
D. Inferior alveolar block
E. Mental block

A

D. Inferior alveolar block

55
Q

By the end of the ______ week, the mesoderm additionally differentiates and begins to divide on each side of the tube into 38 paired cuboidal segments of mesoderm, forming the _____.

A

third; somites

56
Q

What do the muscles of mastication work with to accomplish movements of the mandible?

a. Maxillae
b. Temporal bone
c. Temporomandibular joint
d. Zygoma
e. Hard palate

A

c. Temporomandibular joint

57
Q

The first week of prenatal development is best characterized by further ______ cleavage, in which the blastocyst splits into smaller and more numerous cells as it undergoes successive cell divisions by _____.

A

mitotic; mitosis

58
Q

When does the maxillary and nasal processes form?

A

4th week

59
Q
  1. If there is failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the facial region during prenatal development, _____ can develop in the embryo.
    a. ectodermal dysplasia
    b. fetal alcohol syndrome
    c. Down syndrome
    d. Treacher Collins syndrome
A

d.Treacher Collins syndrome

60
Q
  1. What is the exact term for the process that affords the development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration and inductive interactions?
    a. Folding
    b. Morphogenesis
    c. Proliferation
    d. Appositional or interstitial growth
A

b.Morphogenesis

61
Q

The neural crest cells migrate from the crests of the neural folds and then join the _______ to form mesenchyme.

A

mesoderm

62
Q
  1. The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arch on each side to create the:
    a. philtrum.
    b. tubercle.
    c. labial commissures.
    d. lower lip.
A

c.labial commissures.

63
Q
  1. Which of the following phrases concerning the second branchial arch during prenatal development is correct?
    a. Called the mandibular arch
    b. Contains Reichert cartilage
    c. Forms into the muscles of mastication
    d. Associated with the trigeminal nerve
A

b.Contains Reichert cartilage

64
Q
  1. The folding of the embryo during prenatal development causes _____ to be on the _____.
    a. endoderm; inside of the embryo
    b. ectoderm; inside of endoderm
    c. endoderm; outside of the mesoderm
    d. mesoderm; outside of the ectoderm
A

a.endoderm; inside of the embryo

65
Q
  1. The _____ are rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing special sense organs.
    a. placodes
    b. branchial arches
    c. branchial pouches
    d. processes
A

a.placodes

66
Q
  1. The philtrum of the upper lip forms during sixth week of prenatal development from the:
    a. mandibular processes.
    b. medial nasal processes.
    c. lateral nasal processes.
    d. nasal placodes.
A

b.medial nasal processes.

67
Q

The migratory cells located in the middle between the epiblast and hypoblast layers become mesoderm, an embryonic connective tissue, as well as embryonic ______.

A

endoderm

68
Q
  1. From the following list of muscles, select which are considered muscles of mastication. (Select all that apply.)
    a. Buccinator
    b. Risorius
    c. Platysma
    d. Temporalis
    e. Masseter
A

d. Temporalis
e. Masseter

69
Q

From the following list of oral cavity landmarks, select those that need to be noted before administering a clinically effective posterior superior alveolar nerve block. (Select all that apply.)

a. Mucobuccal fold
b. Coronoid notch
c. Maxillary first molar
d. Maxillary tuberosity

A

a. Mucobuccal fold
d. Maxillary tuberosity

70
Q
  1. Which of the following facial structures is formed from the mandibular arch during prenatal development?
    a. Forehead
    b. Lower face
    c. Philtrum
    d. Nose
A

b.Lower face

71
Q

At the cephalic end, the oropharyngeal membrane forms, which consists of only ______ externally and endoderm internally, without any intermediate mesoderm.

A

ectoderm

72
Q

The mental foramen is usually located between the apices of which of the following mandibular teeth?
A. First and second molars
B. Second and third molars
C. First and second premolars
D. First premolar and canine

A

C. First and second premolars

73
Q
  1. On which of the following orofacial tissue is the linea alba located?
    a. Attached gingiva
    b. Marginal gingiva
    c. Labial mucosa
    d. Buccal mucosa
A

d.Buccal mucosa

74
Q
  1. Surrounding the teeth in the alveoli and covering the alveolar processes is the _____, which is composed of a firm pink tissue.
    a. gingiva
    b. minor salivary glands
    c. Fordyce spots
    d. linea alba
A

a.gingiva

75
Q
  1. When does the blastocyte stop traveling and undergo implantation during prenatal development?
    a. First week
    b. Second week
    c. Third week
    d. Fourth week
A

a.First week

76
Q

_____ is a layer in trilaminar embryonic disc derived from hypoblast layer.

A

Endoderm

77
Q

Which specific muscle can become clinically enlarged in patients who habitually clench or grind (with bruxism) their teeth and in those who constantly chew gum?

a. Masseter muscle
b. Lateral pterygoid muscle
c. Medial pterygoid muscle
d. Temporalis muscle

A

a. Masseter muscle

78
Q

Which local anesthetic block anesthetizes the largest intraoral area?
A. Buccal block
B. Inferior alveolar block
C. Mental block
D. Incisive block

A

B. Inferior alveolar block

79
Q

Which of the following muscles is involved in the lateral deviation of the mandible?

a. masseter muscle
b. medial pterygoid muscle
c. lateral pterygoid muscle
d. temporalis muscle
e. digastric muscle

A

c. lateral pterygoid muscle

80
Q

The ______ of the hyoid arches helps form the muscles of facial expression, the middle ear muscles, and a suprahyoid muscle.

A

mesoderm

81
Q

Which of the following locations is the BEST injection site for the inferior alveolar local anesthetic nerve block?

a. Medial to the pterygomandibular fold
b. Lateral to the pterygomandibular fold
c. Superior to the pterygomandibular fold
d. Inferior to the pterygomandibular fold

A

b.Lateral to the pterygomandibular fold

82
Q

In addition, during the third week, another specialized group of cells, the _____ cells, develop from neuroectoderm.

A

neural crest

83
Q
  1. Found in early prenatal development, the neural tube will form in the future which of the following structures?
    a. Heart
    b. Spinal cord
    c. Face
    d. Digestive tract
A

b.Spinal cord

84
Q

_______ means that each half of embryo mirrors the other half

A

Bilateral symmetry

85
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles when contracted allows for the retraction of the mandible?
    a. Masseter muscle
    b. Temporalis muscle
    c. Lateral pterygoid muscle
    d. Medial pterygoid muscle
A

b.Temporalis muscle

86
Q

The mucogingival junction is a line of demarcation between the attached gingiva and the:

a. buccal mucosa.
b. marginal gingiva.
c. gingival sulcus.
d. alveolar mucosa.

A

d. alveolar mucosa.

87
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles inserts onto the coronoid process?
    a. Lateral pterygoid muscle
    b. Masseter muscle
    c. Medial pterygoid muscle
    d. Temporalis muscle
A

d.Temporalis muscle

88
Q
  1. Which of the following tissues listed will develop from the ectoderm layer of the embryo during prenatal development?
    a. Epidermis
    b. Liver
    c. Muscle
    d. Dermis
A

a.Epidermis

89
Q

The ______ _____ block provides anesthesia for the pulp tissue of ALL the mandibular teeth as well as for the associated facial periodontium of the mandibular anteriors and premolars, but it is NOT recommended to use bilaterally due to complications with swallowing.

A

inferior alveolar

90
Q
  1. The medial nasal processes are involved directly in the formation of the embryo’s _____ of the nose during prenatal development.
    a. bridge
    b. sides
    c. bridge and sides
    d. nasal placodes
A

a.bridge

91
Q

_____ is a layer in trilaminar embryonic disc derived from epiblast layer and lining stomodeum

A

Ectoderm

92
Q

Which of the following local anesthetic blocks has the SAME injection site as the incisive local anesthetic block?
A. Nasopalatine block
B. Greater palatine block
C. Inferior alveolar block
D. Buccal block
E. Mental Block

A

E. Mental Block

93
Q
  1. What best characterizes the first week of prenatal development so that the blastocyst splits into smaller and more numerous cells?
    a. Implantation
    b. Mitotic cleavage
    c. Meiosis
    d. Fertilization
A

b.Mitotic cleavage

94
Q
  1. Which period of prenatal development is characterized by increased cellular differentiation?
    a. Unattached conceptus
    b. Embryonic period
    c. Preimplantation period
    d. Fetal period
A

c.Preimplantation period

95
Q
  1. Which of the following are considered cervical muscles?
    a. Masseter and medial pterygoid muscles
    b. Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
    c. Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
    d. Buccinator and epicranial muscles
A

c.Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Histology (8 decks)

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