exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
- According to the text, the word “behavior” refers to any activity of an organism that can be
A
a) directly observed.
b) indirectly observed.
d) both a and b
2
Q
- According to the text, learning is a _____ in behavior that results from some type of experience.
A
relatively permanent change
3
Q
- Classical conditioning is to _____ behavior as operant conditioning is to ______ behavior.
A
reflexive; voluntary
4
Q
- Depriving an animal of food is an example of a(n)
A
establishing operation.
5
Q
- The baseline of a behavior is the
A
normal frequency of that behavior prior to an intervention.
6
Q
- For a reversal design to clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of a certain treatment, the behavior must
A
return to its original baseline level during the second baseline phase.
7
Q
- Ivan creates a treatment program to alter his family’s tendency to swear at him. He first applies the program to his sister, then to his mother, and finally to his father. What type of research design is he employing to measure his family’s improvement?
A
multiple-baseline across persons
8
Q
- If you were testing a behavioral treatment for eliminating a severe addiction in a small group of patients, the most appropriate and ethical design would be a(n) _____ design.
A
multiple-baseline across persons
9
Q
- A reflex arc consists of the activation of a(n) _____ (in that order).
A
sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron
10
Q
- A _____ is a fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus.
A
fixed action pattern
11
Q
- A decrease in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus is known as
A
habituation.
12
Q
- Becoming increasingly irritated during a play because the person next to you keeps sniffling is most similar to the process of
A
sensitization.
13
Q
- During the exam, Vinita eventually stopped noticing that the student next to her was repeatedly sniffling. At one point, however, the lights in the room went off, after which she again noticed the sniffling. The reappearance of her reaction to the sniffling is best described as an example of
A
dishabituation.
14
Q
- In the opponent-process theory, if the a-process tends to decrease body temperature, then the b-process will attempt to
A
increase body temperature.
15
Q
- According to the opponent-process theory, with repeated presentations of an emotional event
A
the b-process increases in both strength and duration.
16
Q
- According to the opponent-process theory, in an abusive relationship, the “honeymoon phase” that often follows a period of intense abuse
A
b) is representative of the b-process.
c) will grow stronger with repeated instances of abuse.
d) both b and c
17
Q
- In Pavlov’s basic classical conditioning procedure, salivating in response to the food is a(n)
A
unconditioned response.
18
Q
- In Pavlov’s basic classical conditioning procedure, salivating in response to the sound of a metronome is a(n)
A
conditioned response.
19
Q
- In Pavlov’s basic classical conditioning procedure, the sound of a metronome eventually becomes a(n)
A
conditioned stimulus.
20
Q
- Seema once received a shock while plugging in her toaster, and is now quite fearful each time she uses it. In this example, the toaster was originally a(n) _____ stimulus with respect to fear.
A
neutral
