chapter 12 Flashcards
observation/social learning
The behavior of a model is witnessed by an observer, and the observer’s behavior is subsequently altered. we learn behavior by watching others perform it, we might not even be aware
Contagious Behavior
a more-or-less instinctive or reflexive behavior triggered by the occurrence of the same behavior in another individual. we orient to that direction
yawn, all birds fleeing, tv laugh tracks
Stimulus Enhancement
the probability of a behavior is changed because an individual’s attention is drawn to a particular item or location by the behavior of another individual. noticing a candy bowl after a girl notices it when she arrives, sent marking at food sites, increases prob of behavior associated with eating drinking or fucking
Vicarious emotional conditioning
classically conditioning of emotional responses that result from seeing those emotional responses exhibited by others
fear in others a US or a CS?
seeing other be afraid, possible to be both a us and cs and combine to stronger run, higher order conditioning plays a role in subtler emotions
Observational Learning in Operant Conditioning
Acquisition through observational learning first requires that the observer pay attention to the behavior of the model.
due to
Consequences of the model’s behavior.
Reinforcement received for the behavior of attending to a model.
Sufficient skills to benefit from the modeling.
Personal characteristics of a model.
Performing the behavior
You can acquire information about a behavior without ever translating that into performance.
We are more likely (or less likely) to perform a modeled behavior when we have observed the model experience reinforcement (or punishment).Our history of reinforcement and punishment teaches us when it is appropriate to perform behaviors that have been modeled by others.
True Imitation
form of observational learning that involves the close duplication of a novel behavior.
children do this, important for developmental days
Generalized imitation
a tendency to imitate a new modeled behavior with no specific reinforcement for doing so.
can animals imitate
do not exactly imitate, might just be stimulus enhancement, some animals are capable of true imitation- birds, apes, ourangtangs
bobo doll studies
bandura, kids hit doll when saw parents doing it especially if they saw adults reinforced, social learning
social learning/media violence
filmed violence is just as effective as live, 10 years later they are antisocial for boys, girls become victims of violence
