chapter 11

Question 1

Preparedness & Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

innate tendency for an organism to more easily learn certain types of behaviors or to associate certain types of events with each other

Question 2

Taste Aversion Conditioning

Answer 2

a form of classical conditioning in which a food item that has been paired with gastrointestinal illness becomes a conditioned aversive stimulus

Question 3

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 3

The food items that taste similar to the aversive item are also perceived as aversive.

Question 4

Extinction

Answer 4

if the aversive food item is repeatedly ingested without further illness, the CS (food) may no longer elicit an avoidance response.

Question 5

Overshadowing

Answer 5

We are more likely to develop an aversion to a stronger-tasting food item than to a milder-tasting item that was consumed at the same meal.

Question 6

blocking

Answer 6

eating something you hate with something that is bad you get upset about the thing you hate, don’t become averted to bad thing

Question 7

latent inhibition

Answer 7

We are more likely to associate a relatively novel item with sickness than we would a more familiar item.

Question 8

Species-Specific Defense Reaction (SSDR)

Answer 8

avoidance responses elicited by aversive stimulus.

specific to a certain species

Question 9

Adjunctive Behavior/schedule induced behavior

Answer 9

an excessive pattern of behavior that emerges as a by-product of an intermittent schedule of reinforcement for some other behavior
one behavior is being strengthened through intermittent reinforcement, another quite different behavior emerges as a side effect of that procedure.

Question 10

adjunctive behavior features

Answer 10

immediately following consumption of intermittent reinforcer, depends on level of deprivation for scheduled reinforcer, reinforcer for other behavior, there is optimal interval for the development of adjunctive behavior. may encourage an individual to frequently consume an addictive substance

Question 11

interreinforcement intervals

Answer 11

On fixed time (FT) and fixed interval (FI) schedules, the delivery of each reinforcer is followed by a period of time during which another reinforcer is not available

Question 12

Displacement Activity

Answer 12

an apparently irrelevant activity sometimes displayed by animals when confronted by conflict or thwarted from attaining a goal.
It may be used to release pent-up energy.
It may provide for a more diversified range of behaviors in a particular setting, and a diverse range of behavior is often beneficial.
It may help the animal remain in a situation where a significant reinforcer might eventually become available.

Question 13

Activity Anorexia

Answer 13

an abnormally high level of activity and low level of food intake generated by exposure to a restricted schedule of feeding

Question 14

anorexia nervosa and activity

Answer 14

It begins with a restricted schedule of feeding.
It is often accompanied by high levels of activity.
It is most common with adolescents.
They remain quite interested in food.