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psych of learning > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

escape behavior

A

performance of the behavior terminates the aversive stimulus

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2
Q

avoidance behavior

A

performance of the behavior prevents the aversive stimulus from occurring

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3
Q

do we learn to escape or avoid first?

A

escape

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4
Q

two-process theory of avoidance

A

classical and operant conditioning

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5
Q

Anxiety Conservation Hypothesis

A

states that avoidance responses usually occur so quickly that there is insufficient exposure to the CS for the conditioned fear to fully extinguish.
The avoidance responses are not as persistent as thought

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6
Q

one process theory

A

the act of avoidance is negatively reinforced simply by the lower rate of aversive stimulation associated with it

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7
Q

are avoidance behaviors elicited or operant behaviors

A

elicited

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8
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder characterized by:

A

persistent thoughts, impulses, or images (called obsessions), and
repetitive, stereotyped actions (called compulsions) that are carried out in response to the obsessions.
active avoidance response

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9
Q

obsessions

A

associate with an increase in anxiety

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10
Q

compulsions

A

associate with an decrease in anxiety.

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11
Q

punishment

A

the weakening of a behavior through (1) the application of an aversive stimulus or (2) the removal of an appetitive stimulus.

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12
Q

Positive Punishment

A

consists of the presentation of an aversive event following a response.
This leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

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13
Q

Negative Punishment

A

consists of the removal of an appetitive event following a response.
This then leads to a decrease in the future strength of that response.

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14
Q

Time-Out

A

the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a brief period of time following the occurrence of a problem behavior.

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15
Q

Response Cost

A

the removal of a specific reinforcer following the occurrence of a problem behavior.
easy to adjust to behavior, need lear reinforcer that is motivating

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16
Q

Negative Punishment vs. Extinction

A

no longer leads to something (extinction)

leads to the removal of something that you would otherwise possess (negative punishment)?

17
Q

Intrinsic Punishment

A

the activity itself is punishing, such that the person performing the behavior is now less likely to repeat it.

18
Q

Extrinsic Punishment

A

the activity is followed by a separate event that serves to punish the activity.

19
Q

primary/unconditioned punisher

A

an event that is innately punishing.

We are born to dislike these events

20
Q

secondary/conditioned punisher

A

an event that has become punishing because it has in the past been associated with some other punisher.

21
Q

generalized secondary punisher

A

type of secondary punisher, which is an event that has become punishing because it has in the past been associated with many other punishers

22
Q

Conditioned Suppression Theory

A

punishment does not weaken a behavior but instead produces an emotional response that interferes with the occurrence of the behavior. Replaces punished behavior with emotional response that interferes

23
Q

Avoidance Theory of Punishment

A

punishment actually involves a type of avoidance conditioning in which the avoidance response consists of any behavior other than the behavior being punished. Punishment does not weaken a behavior, replaces punished behavior with a reinforced one

24
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

a decrement in learning ability that results from repeated exposure to uncontrollable aversive events.

25
Q

Premack Approach to Punishment

A

a low-probability behavior can be used to punish a high probability behavior.

26
Q

Treatments for Learned Helplessness

A

encouraging the patient to accomplish a graded series of relatively minor tasks, and
then progressing to more difficult tasks.

27
Q

Prevention of Learned Helplessness

A

A history of successfully overcoming minor adversities might immunize a person against depression when the person is later confronted by more serious difficulties.

28
Q

Experimental Neurosis

A

experimentally produced disorder in which animals exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic-like symptoms.similar to PTSD

psych of learning (5 decks)

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