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Animal Nutrition > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

The feeding and production of livestock has changed dramatically over the centuries, especially during the past few decades.

A

true

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2
Q

Throughout the centuries, the portion of people involved in food production has steadily increased.

A

false

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3
Q

The world’s population has shifted from nomadic, to agrarian, to primarily urban.

A

true

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4
Q

The nutrient requirements of various livestock species, continues to change as genetic advance are made.

A

true

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5
Q

The amount of feed required to put on a pound of gain on poultry has increased over the last 50 years.

A

false

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6
Q

Milk production in the U.S. has drastically dropped since 1976.

A

false

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7
Q

CP in animal nutrition stands for Common Practice.

A

false

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8
Q

The nutrient content of feed stuffs is changing along with production practices and genetic changes in crops.

A

true

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9
Q

Understanding how to use agriculture by-products effectively in feeding livestock is becoming more critical.

A

true

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10
Q

The amount of land used for agriculture production is not increasing and in some areas of the world is declining.

A

true

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11
Q

As the population and standard of living continue to increase throughout the world, the demand for animal products has continued to:
increase.
decrease.
remained the same.

A

increase

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12
Q

Currently ______________ % of the population is involved in producing food.
Less than 1%
10%
25 - 30%
56%

A

a. less than 1%

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13
Q

The fundamental principles relating to the economical feeding of livestock was outlined in 1878 by:
Richard Kellems
D.C. Church
W.O. Atwater
George Grant

A

c. W.O Atwater

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14
Q

Coarse Grain production in the world from 1966 to 2008:
Increased slightly
Decreased slightly
Dropped significantly due to urban sprawl
Doubled in production

A

d. doubled in production

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15
Q

In 1965 a milk cow produced 8,522 lbs. of milk per year. In 2008 a dairy cow would produce _____________ lbs. per year.
10,354
13,031
16,405
20,416

A

d. 20,416

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16
Q

Feed consumption of farm animals is affected by?
environmental temperature
humidity
stress
all of the above

A

d.

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17
Q

An example of a processing practice for feed is:
pelleting
grinding
chopping
A & B
All of the above

A

e.

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18
Q

Feed is the major cost associated with the production of all livestock and often accounts for between ____________ of the total cost.
25 - 30%
50 - 75%
65 - 85%
10 - 20%
90 - 95%

A

b.

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19
Q

A feedstuff used in a relatively small amount for a specific reason or to make up for inadequacies associated with other ingredients that are being used are called:
Protein Source
By-Products
Supplemental Feedstuffs
Grains

A

c.

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20
Q

If a hog producers corn is low on Lysine:
that would be a good thing as it is toxic.

the hogs will have more backfat at harvest.

the producer should add alfalfa to the ration.

the producer should add Soybean meal.

the producer should add Cottonseed meal.

A

d.

Not e!

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21
Q

What is the cecum?
A blind sack
A site of microbial digestion
A thin-walled structure
All of the above

A

d.

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22
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the rear of an animal?
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral

A

b.

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23
Q

What is the chicken’s true stomach?
Gizzard
Proventriculus
Crop
Cloaca

A

b.

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24
Q

Anterior refers to what part of an animals body?
Rear
Belly
Head
Back

A

c.

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25
Q

How many ceca do chickens have?
One
Two
Three
Four

A

b.

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26
Q

“Prehension” is a term referring to:
how an animal gathers food.
eating feed or forage.
chewing food.
digesting food.

A

a.

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27
Q

What is different in the mouth structure of cattle, sheep and goats compared to horses?

There is no difference.

Horses do not have upper incisors.

Cattle, sheep and goats have a dental pad instead of upper incisors.

Cattle, sheep and goats do not have a true tounge.

A

c.

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28
Q

What is the horse’s organ of prehension?
Lips
Teeth
Hoof
Tail

A

a.

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29
Q

What is the chicken’s organ of prehension?
Tongue
Beak
Crop
Claw

A

b.

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30
Q

What is a human’s organ of prehnsion?
Mouth
Teeth
Hand
Eye

A

c.

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31
Q

Chewing for a horse occurs on?

Only the right side of the mouth.

Only on the left side of the mouth.

Both sides of its mouth at the same time.

On one side of its mouth at a time.

A

d.

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32
Q

Which of the following animals has a full set of premolars and molars?
Horse
Cow
Lamb
Chicken

A

a.

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33
Q

What is the cow’s organ of prehension?
Tongue
Beak
Crop
Hoof

A

a.

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34
Q

A bolus is:
a full set of teeth
a pre-ground-up processed feed
a soft mass of chewed food
a digestible protein source

A

c.

35
Q

What is the sheep and goat’s organ of prehension?
Lips
Tongue
Teeth
A & B

A

d.

36
Q

What is Colic?

An enzyme that helps digest food.

A digestive disorder.

A medication given to ease abdominal pain.

An additive included in most animal feed

A

b.

37
Q

In horses, most digestive disturbances results from:
Underfeeding
Overfeeding grains
Too much water
Over-chewing hay

A

b.

38
Q

What type of digestive systems do cattle, sheep and goats have?
Single
Prehension
Monogastric
Ruminant

A

d.

39
Q

Which of the following animals would have a reticular groove?
Colt
Calf
Lamb
Colt and Lamb
Calf and Lamb

A

e.

40
Q

A Monogastric animal has a ___________ stomach.
Multiple compartment
Polygastric
Simple
Compound

A

c.

41
Q

What are two important structures of a horse’s digestive system?
Stomach
Reticulum
Proximal Colon
Stomach and Proximal Colon
Stomach and Reticulum

A

d.

42
Q

Which of the following would be an example of a Monogastric animal?
Horse
Swine
Poultry
All of the above

A

d.

43
Q

A horse would be an example of a ________________ ?
Carnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
Carnivore and Herbivore

A

b.

44
Q

A ruminant animal has:

a simple stomach.
multiple compartments in the stomach.
a functional cecum.
a proximal colon.

A

b.

45
Q

Which of the following terms best describes a horse’s stomach?

Multi compartment organ that will hold 5 gallons of feed.

Single compartment that will hold 3 gallons of feed.

Very small compared to the size of the body and holds less than 2 quarts of
grain.

Very large compared to the size of the body and holds 2 gallons of feed.

A

c.

46
Q

The cecum is comparable to what human organ?
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Liver
Appendix

A

d.

47
Q

Hairballs are:
Undesirable
Found in rumens
Comprised mainly of hair
All of the above

A

d.

48
Q

What is the function of the esophagus in ruminants?
Carry material down
Carry material up
None of the above
Carry material up and down

A

d.

49
Q

Material leaving the reticulum would enter into what structure?
Abomasum
Omasum
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

A

b.

50
Q

What causes hairballs?
Certain feeds
No one knows
Animals are born with them
Animals licking themselves

A

d.

51
Q

Arrange the following 10 most common Monogastric Digestive parts for the Chicken in order as food would pass through it’s system.

A

Esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, duodenal loop, ceca, large intestine, vent, r

52
Q

Correctly Order the Steps of the Digestive process for a monogastric animal.

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, r,a

53
Q

Which ruminant is least selective in its grazing habits?
Goat
Cow
Sheep
Both Goat and Cow

A

b.

54
Q

In ruminants, what digestive structure is the “blind sack” that follows the small intestine?
Esophagus
Cecum
Pylorus
Abomasum

A

b.

55
Q

In ruminants, what digestive structure is the “blind sack” that follows the small intestine?
Esophagus
Cecum
Pylorus
Abomasum

A

b.

56
Q

Ruminants spend the majority of their time:
In jaw movement activity
Sleeping
Eating
Ruminating

A

not d. maybe a.

57
Q

What do cattle use to bring forage into their mouths?
Lips
Tongue
Teeth
Eyes

A

b.

58
Q

Why is saliva important?
Aids in digestion
Adds moisture
Keeps esophagus healty
All of the above

A

d.

59
Q

In the abomasum which portion secretes acid?
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral

A

b.

60
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the rear of an animal?
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral

A

b.

61
Q

The cecum is comparable to what organ in humans?
Appendix
Gallbladder
Stomach
Liver

A

a.

62
Q

Why are goats and sheep able to be more selective in their grazing habits?
They have mobile lips
They have a narrower muzzle width
They have a wide muzzle
Both mobile lips and narrower muzzle

A

d.

63
Q

Arrange the following digestive parts of the steer into the correct order from front (Anterior) to the back (Posterior).

A

esophagus, reticulum/rumen, omasum, abomasum, pylorus/pyloric, small intestine, cecum, large intestine/, r, a

64
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the part of a structure closest to the belly?
Anterior
Posterior
Ventral
Dorsal

A

c.

65
Q

Which of the following digestive structures is considered to be the true stomach in ruminants?
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum

A

d.

66
Q

What man-made, physical object is placed into the side of live cattle so scientist can access the rumen to study the contents during digestion?
Appendix
Rectum
Cannula
Laproscope

A

c.

67
Q

Which of the following animals are considered ruminants?
Cattle
Sheep
Deer
All of the above

A

d.

68
Q

What is considered the first “stomach” of a ruminant?
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum

A

a.

69
Q

Which of the following is not present in ruminants?
Upper incisors
Lower incisors
Dental Pad
Premolars

A

a.

70
Q

How many liters of saliva can a steer produce in a day?
10 liters
25 liters
50 liters
100 liters

A

c.

71
Q

Which of the following is not abundantly present in saliva?
Water
Minerals
Digestive enzymes
All of the above

A

c.

72
Q

Ruminants chew food:

Using premolars and molars

On one side of the jaw and then the other

That has already been swallowed and brought back up through the esophagus.

All of the above

A

d.

73
Q

On average, how much time per day do ruminants spend grazing?
6 hours
8 hours
10 hours
4 hours

A

b.

74
Q

The “honeycomb” refers to what structure?
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum

A

b.

75
Q

It is not uncommon to find what objects in the reticulum?
Wire
Bolts
Nuts
All of the above

A

d.

76
Q

What is the normal capacity of a rumen in a 1100-pound steer?
20 gallons
60 gallons
10 gallons
30 gallons

A

d.

77
Q

In the rumen which portion would have the most papillae?
Dorsal
Ventral
Anterior
Posterior

A

b.

78
Q

Why are magnets administered to cattle?
To add weight
To catch wire and bolts
To help circulation
To speed digestion

A

b.

79
Q

What structure governs the passage of food material from the abomasum to the small intestine?
Pylorus or pyloric valve
Omasum
Cecum
Large Intestine

A

a.

80
Q

The “leaves of the Bible” are associated with what structure?
Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum

A

c.

81
Q

Which of the following make up the small intestine?
Duedenum
Ileum
Jejunum
All of the above

A

d.

82
Q

In the abomasum which portion secretes mucus?
Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral

A

a.

83
Q

What is the function of the Omasum?
To prevent large particles from going further
To add water to the material
To absorb water
Both A & C

A

d.

Animal Nutrition (6 decks)

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