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Anatomy Unit I > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anterior wall of axilla

A

pec major/minor subclavius clavipectoral fasica

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1
Q

what does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

A

accompanies the long thoracic nerve to the serratus anterior; medial wall of axilla; breast

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1
Q

Suprascapular nerve (rami + innervation)

A

C5,6 to infraspinatus and supraspinatus from trunk (upper)

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1
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris inv

A

ulnar

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2
Q

What is the intermediate flexor muscle layer innervated by?

A

median nerve

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3
Q

palmaris longus origin

A

common flexor tendon

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3
Q

what is the glandular tissue of the breast for by?

A

15-20 lobules, interespersed with fat and connective tissue strands (suspensory ligaments, fascial septa), connecting the dermis of the skin to the deep layer of subcutaneous connective tissue.

Lactiferous ducts empy on the nipple

Deep to the breast tissue is a loose connective tissue (retromammary space).. allows for mobility to occur between the breast tissue and the underlying deep investing fascia of the pectoralis major muscle

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4
Q

pronator quadratus action

A

pronation of forearm

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5
Q

Median nerve

A

Lateral + Median cords C 6,7, (lateral); 8, T1 (medial) motor to anterior forearm, sensory to anterior hand

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6
Q

innervation of pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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6
Q

axilla artery (borders)

A

continuation of subclavian artery; arches over the 1st rib extends to the inferior border of teres major (then renamed brachial artery)

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6
Q

Central Nervous System structure

A

brain + spinal cord segmented (specific portions of the body innervated by specific portions of the spinal cord)

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6
Q

what is the axillary sheath

A

extension of fascia derived from the prevertebral fascia and encloses the axillary artery and brachial plexus as far as the origin of the terminal branches of the cords.

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7
Q

what runs between the flexor digitorium profunda and flexor digitorium superficialis?

A

median nerve

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8
Q

action infraspinatus

A

lateral rotation of arm

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8
Q

origin subclavius

A

1st rib

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8
Q

lateral wall of axilla

A

convergence of anterior/posterior walls at intertubercular groove portions of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis associated with the intertubercular groove ** since lat wall is convergance of a/p walls at intertubercular groove, the a/p walls must contain all insertions of the groove (pec major (anterior) = lateral lip, lat dorsi (posterior) = floor, teres major (posterior) = medial lip)

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8
Q

what runs between the flexor digitorium profunda and the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnar nerve and artery

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9
Q

origin subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa

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10
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

ventral rami of cervical 5-8 and first thoracic level; located in the posterior triangle of the neck

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11
Q

levator scapulae origin

A

transverse process of C1 - C4

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11
Q

rhomboid major and minor innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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11
Q

origin infraspinatus

A

infraspinatus fossa (posterior scapula)

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11
Q

pronator quadratus innervation

A

median n (anterior interosseous n)

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12
Q

What defines the arm

A

between the shoulder and elbow joints

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12
Q

innervation teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve

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12
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

from C 5 from root

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12
Q

Medial Pectoral (rami + innervation)

A

C8, T1 Pec major and minor Medial cord

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13
Q

action subscapularis

A

medial rotation and adduction of arm

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the upper limb

A

to position the hand in order to manipulate the environment

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15
Q

Axillary vein

A

subcutaneous vein of lateral arm formed when the paired veins of brachial artery joined by the basilic vein continues as the subclavian vein above the first rib drains into the axillary vein after piercing the clavipectoral fascia

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16
Q

where is the axillary vein found

A

MEDIAL to the axillary artery in the deltopectoral interval (groove)

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16
Q

Lower Subscapular (rami + innervation)

A

C 5,6 subscapularis from posterior cord

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17
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

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17
Q

action subclavius

A

pulls tip of shoulder down pulls clavicle medially to stabilize sternoclavicular joint

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18
Q

dorsal root ganglia

A

contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

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20
Q

levator scapulae insertion

A

superior angle of scapula

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22
Q

what defines the forearm

A

between the elbow and wrist joints

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23
Q

insertion infraspinatus

A

middle face of greater tubercle (humerus)

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23
Q

action teres minor

A

lateral rotation of arm

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24
Q

flexor digitorium profundus innsertion

A

distal phalanx of digits II - V

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26
Q

lat dorsi actions

A

adducts extends medially rotates humerus

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27
Q

innervation of pectoralis major

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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27
Q

Medial, Lateral, and Posterior Cords of the Brachial Plexus

A

** NAMED IN RELATION TO THE AXILLARY ART Lateral: anterior divisions of upper and middle trunks Medial: anterior division of lower trunk Posterior: posterior divisions of the upper, middle, and lower trunks

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28
Q

lat dorsi insertion

A

floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

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29
Q

action serratus anterior

A

protraction of scapula depression and rotation of scapula (move the lateral head upward) ??

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30
Q

Anatomical Position

A

body is erect; heads, eyes, and toes directed forward; upper limbs by the side with palms facing forward

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32
Q

origin supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa (posterior scapula)

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32
Q

insertion pronator teres

A

lateral surface of mid shaft of radius

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32
Q

what does contraction of the pectoralis do to the breast?

A

move superiorly

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33
Q

axillary apex/inlet

A

where the neuromuscular bundle (axillary vessels and brachial plexus) enter the axilla BOUND by: -first rib -coracoid process -adjacent area of anterior surface of the scapula posterior edge of clavicle

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34
Q

flexor digitorium profundus action

A

flexes distal phalanx of digits II - V flexion at metacapohalangeal joints and wrist joint

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35
Q

How do the ulnar artery and median nerve run in the forearm?

A

deep to the humero-ulnar head of the flexor digitorum superficialis

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36
Q

action of pectoralis major

A

flex arm adduct arm medial rotation of arm

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38
Q

rhomboid major and minor origin

A

C7 - T5

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38
Q

what are the branches of the scapular artery and what do they supply?

A

1) circumflex scapular artery: provides collateral circulation to the scapula; runs through the triangular SPACE 2). thoracodorsal artery: accompanies the thoracodorsal nerve to the latissimus dorsi

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40
Q

origin teres minor

A

lateral border of scapular, superior to teres major

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41
Q

action pectoralis mionor

A

protraction of scapula pulls tip of shoulder down

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42
Q

Lateral Pectoral (rami + innervation)

A

C5, 6, 7 pec major (from lateral cord)

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43
Q

Describe the scapula

A

roughly triangular shaped bone with: 3 borders, 3 fossae 2 prominent protuberances a glenoid cavity (4th fossa) for articulation with the humerus

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44
Q

what is the origin of the trapezius?

A

superior nuchal line external occipital protuberance ligamentum nuchae spinous processes of C7- T12

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45
Q

How many nerves branch from the cords of the brachial plexus

A

13 Lateral: (3): “Lucy Loves Me”: lateral pectoral, lateral root of median, musculocutaneous Posterior: (5) ULTRA (Upper subscapular, Lower subscapular, Thoracodorsal, Radial, Axillary) Medial (5): Union of 4 Medials: Ulnar, Medial antibrachial cutaneous, medial brachial cutaneous, medial branch of median, medial pectoral

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47
Q

levator scapulae innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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48
Q

Upper Subscapular (rami + innervation)

A

C 5,6 subscapularis + teres major from posterior cord

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49
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the median plane

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49
Q

origin flexor carpi radialis

A

common flexor tendon

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50
Q

palmaris longus innervation

A

median nerve

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52
Q

deltoid action

A

flex, extend, abduct, medial and laterally rotate arm (**look up in grants the different fibers)

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53
Q

CNS function

A

interpreter of information received from the external or internal environment and the initiator of changes in response to this information input

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53
Q

How many nerves branch from the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

2 (suprascapular, nerve to subclavius) from the upper trunk

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53
Q

palmaris longus insertion

A

palmar aponeurosis

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55
Q

What muscles connect the scapula to the arm?

A

deltoid, infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, subscapularis

56
Q

flexor digitorium profundus origin

A

anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and medial half of interosseoud membrane

57
Q

innervation supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

57
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis action

A

flexes intermediate phalanx flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joints (goes across the wrist joint therefore it is going to help in flexing the wrist)

57
Q

flexor digitorium profundus innervation

A

lateral half by median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) medial half by ulnar nerve

58
Q

floor of axilla

A

made up of skin and axillary fascia base is convex superiorly (to correspond to the concavity of the armpit) due to attachment of the clavipectoral fascia anterior and posterior folds

58
Q

Visceral components of CNS & PNS function/location

A

innervate organs, smooth muscle and glands function: receiving and responding to information from the INTERNAL environment information receive is mainly unconsciously perceived and involuntarily acted upon (autonomic response)

58
Q

Where does the median nerve run in relation to flexor digitorium profunda

A

between the flexor digitorium profunda and flexor digitorium superficialis

58
Q

what determines the size of the breast?

A

the amount of fat surrounding the glandular tissue

59
Q

flexor pollicis longus origin

A

anterior surface of radius and radial half of interosseous membrane

60
Q

Thoracodorsal

A

C 6,7,8 lat dorsi from posterior cord

61
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis innsertion

A

intermediate phalanges of digits II - V

61
Q

pronator quadratus insertion

A

distal anterior surface of radius

62
Q

dorsal vs. ventral RAMI

A

dorsal = posterior (has both dorsal and ventral roots); distributed to the muscles and skin of the back ventral = anterior (has both dorsal and ventral roots); distributed to the anterior and lateral areas of the neck and trunk aknd all the muscles/skin of the limbs split occurs at intervertebral foramen

64
Q

what is the axilla

A

pyramidal shaped region located between the upper thorax and the proximal humerus contains the brachial plexus, lymph nodes, fat, axillary arter and vein

65
Q

Divisions of Brachial Plexus

A

each trunk splits into an anterior or posterior division behind the clavicle

67
Q

What are the action of trapezius?

A

Elevates scapula (upper fibers) Rotation of scapula (upper fibers move the inferior angle laterally, lower fibers move the inferior angle laterally.. ONLY upward rotation.. clockwise ) Retraction (middle fibers) Depression of scapular (lower fibers)

68
Q

PNS function

A

relaying information from the external and internal environment to the CNS (sensory systems) and then carrying out the appropriate response triggered by the CNS (motor system)

69
Q

Extension

A

increasing the angle between body parts

70
Q

lat dorsi origin

A

spinous process of T6 - L5 and sacrum iliac crest ribs 10-12

72
Q

deltoid innervation

A

axillary nerve

73
Q

Upper, Middle, and Lower trunk of the Brachial Plexus

A

Upper: C5 C 6 Middle: C 7 Lower: C8 T1 located in the posterior trunk; all VENTRAL rami

73
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve (rami + innervation)

A

C5 Rhomboid major/minor + levator scapulae from root

74
Q

MARMU

A

Musculocutaneous: motor to anterior arm, sensory to forearm (C5,6,7) A: Axillary: deltoid + teres minor (C5,6,) R: Radial: motor to posterior arm + forearm (C5,6,7,8, T1) M: Median: motor to anterior forearm + hand (median) C8, T1 U: Ulnar: motor to anterior forearm + hand (C8, T1)

75
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

Humeral head: common flexor tendon Ullnar head: olecrenon and posterior ulna

76
Q

innervation Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

median nerve

78
Q

innervation serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

79
Q

flexor pollicis longus innveration

A

median nerve (anterior interosseous)

81
Q

what are the branches of thoracocaromial trunk and what do they supply?

A

deltoid, pectoral, clavicular, acromial branches supply the anterior axillary walls and surrounding regions

82
Q

Describe the proximal end of the humerus

A

long shaft with expanded ends for shoulder and elbow joints a head for articulation with glenoid cavity a greater and lesser tubercle separated by an intertubercular groove

84
Q

insertion subclavius

A

inferior surface of clavicle

86
Q

origin serratus anterior

A

lateral surface of ribs 8-9

88
Q

insertion pectoralis major

A

lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

89
Q

innervation subclavius

A

nerve to subclavius

91
Q

insertion supraspinatus

A

superior facet of greater tubercle

92
Q

lat dorsi innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve

94
Q

rotation

A

movement around a long axis

95
Q

innervation of flexor carpi radialis

A

median nerve

96
Q

innervation of teres minor

A

axillary nerve

98
Q

Innervation infraspinatus

A

suprasubscapular nerve

99
Q

deltoid origin

A

(insertion of trap) lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapular

100
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis origin

A

humero ulnar head from medial epicondyle and adj. margin of coronoid process radial head from oblique line of radius

101
Q

Axillary (rami + innervation)

A

C 5,6 Teres Minor, deltoid from posterior cord goes through the quadrangular space (with posterior circumflex humoral artery)

102
Q

insertion teres minor

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle

104
Q

Boundaries of each part of the axillary artery

A

divided into 3 parts in relation to pec minor 1: first rib to medial border of pec minor 2: posterior to pec minor 3: lateral border of pect minor to the inferior border of teres major **lots of variation in dissections

105
Q

Nerve to subclavius

A

C5,6 subclavius from trunk (upper)

106
Q

Irregular Roots of Brachial Plexus

A

TUL ARM T: Thoracodorsal C 6,7,8 ULA: Upper/Lower Subscapular, Axillary: C5,6 R: Radial: C5,6,7,8, T1 M: Median: C6,7, (lateral cord), C8, T1 (medial cord)

107
Q

what does the superior thoracic artery supply?

A

(1st part of axillary) upper regionds of the medial and anterior walls of the axilla

108
Q

insertion of pectoralis minor

A

coracoid process

109
Q

Medial Antibrachial Cutaneous (rami + innervation)

A

C8 T1 (doesn’t innervate any muscles, its a cutaneous nerve) Medial cord

110
Q

pronator quadratus origin

A

distal anterior surface of ulna

112
Q

Basilic vein

A

subcutaneous vein of the medial arm

113
Q

rhomboid major and minor insertion

A

medial border of scapula

113
Q

medial wall of axilla

A

ribs 1-4 with their external intercostal muscles superior portion of the serratus anterior muscle

114
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the median plane

115
Q

spinal nerve

A

joining of dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots

117
Q

Musculocutaneous (rami + innervation)

A

C5,6,7 motor to anterior arm, sensory to anterior forearm (via lateral cutaneous nerve) lateral cord

118
Q

Medial Brachial Cutaneous (rami + innervation)

A

C8 T1 (doesn’t innervate any muscles, its a cutaneous nerve) Medial cord

120
Q

What inserts on the greater tubercle?

A

supraspinatus (superior facet) infraspinatus (middle facet) teres minor (inferior facet)

121
Q

deltoid insertion

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

123
Q

origin of pectoralis minor

A

ribs 3-5

125
Q

what is the insertion of the trapezius?

A

spine of the scapula acromion lateral 1/3 of the clavicle

126
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris action

A

flexes and adducts hand at wrist

127
Q

what supplies the breast with blood supply?

A

lateral thorasic artery

internal thoracic artery

pectoral branch of thoraco-acromial trunk

cutaneous branches of intercostal aa

** connection of intercostal veins with the vertebral venous plexus allows for cancer to spead from breast to the vertebrae then into the brain and skull

129
Q

innervation subscapularis

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

130
Q

Roots vs. Rami

A

Roots are EITHER motor OR sensory (ventral = motor, dorsal = sensory) Rami are BOTH motor AND sensory (contain a mixture of motor and sensory axons) **rami contain sensory, motor, an autonomic fibers

131
Q

Peripheral Nervous System structure

A

all the structures outside the CNS (spinal nerves, cranial nerves, autonomic/somatic ganglia)

132
Q

levator scapulae action

A

elevate (medial border) rotate scapula (lateral angle downward) (pulls inferior angle medial, turns superior angle lateral.. counterclockwise)

134
Q

Ganglia vs Nuclei

A

Ganglia: collections of nerve cell bodies OUTSIDE of the CNS (sensory or motor) Nuclei: collection of nerve cell bodies WITHIN the CNS (sensory or motor)

135
Q

action of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and abducts hand at wrist

136
Q

action teres major

A

medial rotation of arm adduction arm extension of flexed arm

137
Q

Branches from each part of the axillary artery

A

1st part: superior thoracic artery 2nd part: 1). Thoracoacromial trunk 2).lateral thoracic 3rd part: 1) subscapular 2). anterior 3). posterior circumflex humoral artery

139
Q

origin teres major

A

lateral scapular border, superior to inferior angle

140
Q

origin pronator teres

A

Humeral head: common flexor tendon Ulnar head: medial side of coronoid process

142
Q

insertion subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

143
Q

Somatic components of CNS & PNS function/location

A

innervate the skeletal muscle and skin function: receiving and responding to information from the EXTERNAL environment information received is mainly consciously perceived and voluntarily acted upon

144
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve/artery run in relation to the flexor digitorium profunda?

A

between flexor digitorium profunda and flexor carpi ulnaris

146
Q

How many nerves branch from the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

0

147
Q

Ulnar (rami + innervation)

A

Motor to anterior forearm and hand C8, T1 Medial cord

148
Q

origin pectoralis major

A

medial 1/2 clavicle, anterior surface of sternum

149
Q

action pronator teres

A

pronation of forearm

150
Q

action supraspinatus

A

abduction of arm

151
Q

Radial (rami + innervation)

A

C5,6,7,8, T1 Motor to posterior arm and forearm from posterior cord goes through the triangular interval (with profunda brachii)

152
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

pisiform, hamate, and base of metacarpal 5

153
Q

posterior wall of axilla

A

subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi

155
Q

Describe the shape of the clavicle; why the ends are shaped the way they are;

A

S-shaped convex anteriorly in its medial two thirds concave posteriorly in lateral one third medial end expanded to articulate with sternum; lateral end is flattened and presents and articular surface for the acromion of the scapula inferior surface is roughened to allow for ligament and muscle attachments (subclavius)

156
Q

Flexion

A

decreasing the angle between body parts

158
Q

Long Thoracic Nerve (rami + innervation)

A

C5,6,7 serratus anterior from root

160
Q

anterior/posterior circumflex arteries

A

-supply the deltoid -posterior larger than anterior -posterior goes through the quadrangular space with the axillary nerve

161
Q

what nerve innervates the trapezius?

A

Cranial nerve 11 (accessory)

162
Q

insertion serratus anterior

A

costal surface of medial scapular border

163
Q

What inserts on the intertubercular groove?

A

Medial lip: teres major Lateral lip: pec major Floor: latissimus dorsi

164
Q

rhomboid major and minor action

A

elevates (the medial border) and rotates scapula (rorates the lateral angle downward (counter clockwise)) retracts

165
Q

Between what ribs are the breasts located?

A

4 and 5

166
Q

flexor pollicis longus action

A

flexes distal phalanx of thumb can cause flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

167
Q

whats the purpose of pec major

A

connect the thoracic wall to arm

168
Q

flexor pollicis longus innsertion

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

169
Q

dorsal roots vs. ventral roots

A

dorsal = sensory ventral = motor

170
Q

what muscles make up the rotator cuff? what are each muscle’s action? What is the purpose of the rotator cuff

A
  1. subscapularis: medial rotation and adduction of arm 2. supraspinatus: abduction of arm 3. infraspinatus: lateral rotation of arm 4. teres minor: lateral rotation of arm NOTE: teres major is not part of the rotator cuff, but it medially rotates arm Purpose: to stabilize shoulder joint
171
Q

insertion teres major

A

medial lip of intertubercular groove

172
Q

innervation of pronator teres

A

median nerve

173
Q

How many nerves branch from the roots of the brachial plexus

A

2 (Dorsal scapular and long thoracic)

174
Q

insertion of flexor carpi radialis

A

base of metacarpals II and III

175
Q

what is the breast innervated by

A

lateral and anterior cutanous branches of the second to sixth intercostal nerves

(sensory and sympathetic fibers supply the skin, smooth muscle of areola and nipple, blood vessels, and glandular tissue)

176
Q

describe lymph

A

interstitial fluid between cells

contains pathogens, cells of immune system, cell products (hormones), cell debris, and some absorbed fats

177
Q

describe how lymph of the upper limb is drained

A

drained into a group of 30-50 axillary lymph nodes that all drain into apical group which draines into the subclavian trunks

RIGHT SIDE: drainage into interjuglar and subclavian vein or right lymphatic duct

LEFT SIDE: empty into thoracic duct

178
Q

how is lymph of the breast drained?

A

glandular tissue with large collecting ducts into the pectoral or apical group of axillary nodes (75%)

medially into parasternal (internal thoracic a) nodes or subperitoneal plexus (25%)

lymphatic velles anastomose across the midline

lymphatics of the breast skin drain into the axillary, deep cervical and deltopectoral nodes, or into the parasternal nodes of both sides

Anatomy Unit I (6 decks)

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