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Anatomy Unit I > Elbow Cubital Fossa and Forearm > Flashcards

Elbow Cubital Fossa and Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

what does the ulna articulate with

A

trochlea

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2
Q

medial boundary of cubital fossa

A

pronator teres muscle

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3
Q

lateral boundary of cubital fossa

A

brachioradialis muscle

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4
Q

distal boundary of cubital fossa

A

junction of brachioradialis and pronator teres

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5
Q

floor/posterior boundary of cubital fossa

A 
brachialis muscle (before it inserts on ulnar tuberosity)
supinator muscle (arising from supinator crest of ulna before passing posterior to proximal radius)
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6
Q

roof/anterior boundary of cubital fossa

A

antebrachial fascia: continuous with brachial fascia
cephalic vein laterally, basillic vein medially; median cubital vein joining cephalic and basilic veins
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm and lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (musculocutaneous n termination)
bicipital aponeurosis: medial extension of biceps tendon which fuses with forearm fascia

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7
Q

proximal boundary of cubital fossa

A

line between epicondyles

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8
Q

contents of the cubital fossa

A

TAN
T: biceps brachii Tendon (going to radial tuberosity insertion)
A: Artery (Brachial): bifurcates into radial and ulnar artery
N: Neve: (Median): enters fossa anterior to brachialis muscle

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9
Q

compartments of the forearm and what the compartments are divided by

A

Anterior and posterior;
Defined by the Interosseous membrane connecting the radius and ulna, continuations of the lateral and medial intermuscular septa of the arm (IMS connecs to posterior border of the ulna, medially)

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10
Q

Anterior compartment of the forearm actions and innervations

A

flexion of the wrist, flexion of the digits, and pronation of the forearm
innervated by the median nerve except 1.5 by ulnar nerve (flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus)

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11
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis insertion

A

base of metacarpals II and III

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12
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

2 heads
humeral head: common flexor tendon
ulnar head: olecranon and posterior ulna

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13
Q

Superficial Muscle Layer of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm

A

4 muscles:
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
All innervated by median nerve except the flexor carpi ulnaris
Arise from common flexor tendon (on medial epicondyle)

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14
Q

Pronator Teres origin

A

2 heads
Humeral head: Common Flexor Tendon
Ulnar Head: Medial side of coronoid process

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15
Q

Pronator Teres innsertion

A

lateral surface of mid shaft of radius

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16
Q

Pronator Teres innervation

A

median nerve

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17
Q

Pronator Teres action

A

pronate the forearm

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18
Q

where is the coronoid process

A

anterior proximal ulna

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19
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis origin

A

common flexor tendon

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20
Q

what is the bicipital aponeurosis

A

medial extension of biceps tendon which fuses with the forearm fascia

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21
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis action

A

flex and abduct hand at wrist

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22
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis innervation

A

median nerve

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23
Q

what does the radius articulate with

A

capitulum

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24
Q

which stays stationary, ulna or radius, during pronation/supination

A 
ulna = stationary
radius = rotating
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25
Q

Flexor muscles with 2 heads

A

Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

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26
Q

palmaris longus insertion

A

palmar aponeurosis

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27
Q

palmaris longus origin

A

common flexor tendon

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28
Q

palmaris longus action

A

flexes hand at wrist

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29
Q

palmaris longus innervation

A

median nerve

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30
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

pisiform, hamate, and base of metacarpal V

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31
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

ULNAR nerve

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32
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris action

A

flex and adduct hand at wrist

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33
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis origin

A

2 heads
humeral-ulnar head: medial epicondyle + adjacent margin of coronoid process
Radial head: oblique line of radius

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34
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis innervation

A

median nerve

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35
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis insertion

A

intermediate phalanges of digits II - V

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36
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis action

A

flexes intermediate phalanges

flexion at metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist joint

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37
Q

what joint are your knuckles

A

metacarpophalangeal

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38
Q

where does the median nerve travel between in the forearm

A

1st: between the two heads of the pronator teres
then between the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis (with ulnar artery) and then between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

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39
Q

what does the ulnar nerve travel between in the forearm?

A

1st: between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Then: between the flexor carpi ulnaris and and flexor digitorum superficialis

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40
Q

what are the deep flexor muscles of the forearm?

A

flexor pollicus longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

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41
Q

anterior vs posterior interosseous nerve branch from where?

A

anterior interosseous: median nerve

posterior interosseous: radial nerve

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42
Q

flexor pollicus longus origin

A

anterior surface of radius and radial half of interosseous membrane

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43
Q

flexor pollicus longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

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44
Q

flexor pollicus longus innervation

A

anterior interosseous (median nerve)

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45
Q

flexor pollicus longus action

A
  • flexes distal phalanx of thumb

- flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

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46
Q

flexor digitorm profundus origin

A
  • anterior and medial surface of ulna

- medial half of interosseous membrane

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47
Q

flexor digitorm profundus insertion

A

distal phalanx of digits II - V

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48
Q

flexor digitorm profundus innervations

A

medial half: ulnar nerve

lateral half: median nerve (anterior interosseous)

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49
Q

flexor digitorm profundus action

A
  • flex distal phalanx of digits II-V

- flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint and wrist joint

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50
Q

pronator quadratus origin

A

distal anterior of ulna

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51
Q

pronator quadratus insertion

A

distal anterior of radius

52
Q

pronator quadratus action

A

pronation of forearm

53
Q

pronator quadratus innervation

A

median nerve (anterior interosseous)

54
Q

what nerve innervates the deep flexor muscles of the forearms

A

anterior interosseous (median) except for the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

55
Q

what is the common origin/insertion for all supinator/pronator muscles

A

o: on ulna
i: on radius

56
Q

radial artery location

A

deep to brachioradialis and runs with the superficial radial nerve

57
Q

location and branches of ulnar artery

A

common interosseous artery (splits into posterior and anterior interosseous arteries which supply the 2 compartments of the forearm)
-the other branch of ulnar is still called the ulnar nerve and it runs with the median nerve between the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis and then between the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

58
Q

branches/location of the radial nerve in the forearm

A
  • divides into superficial and deep branches.
  • Superficial branch: goes deep to the brachioradialis and runs with the radial artery (NO MOTOR, JUST SENSORY)
  • Deep: enters the supinator and then becomes the posterior interosseous nerve when it exits and innervates most of the posterior forearm muscles (extensors)
59
Q

branches/location of the median nerve in the forearm

A

branches off the anterior interosseous (innervates the deep flexor muscles of the forearm) nerve BEFORE going through the two heads of the pronator teres. Then it goes through the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis and then between the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

60
Q

what does the anterior interosseous nerve innervate? What does it branch off of?

A
  • branch of median nerve

- innervates the deep flexor muscles of the forearm

61
Q

branches/location of the ulnar nerve in the forearm

A
  • goes through the two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris and then between FCU and FDP
  • gives a “dorsal ulnar” branch distally
62
Q

posterior compartment of the forearm

A

2 layers: generally extension of the hand at the wrist joint, extension of the digits, and supination of the forearm
-all innervated by radial nerve/one of it’s branches

63
Q

superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A

-arise from the common extensor tendon (on lateral epicondyle) or the lateral supracondylar ridge
-radial artery and superficial radial nerve lie deep to the brachioradialis
-muscles (7): UMD BLB A
U: extensor carpi ulnaris
M: extensor digiti minimi
D: extensor digitorum
B: extensor carpi radialis brevis
L: extensor carpi radialis longus
B: brachiais
A: anconeus

64
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris origin

A

common extensor tendon + posteroir border of ulna

65
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

base of metacarpal V

66
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

posterior interosseous (radial)

67
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris action

A

extends and adducts the hand at wrist joint

68
Q

extensor digiti minimi origin

A

common extensor tendon

69
Q

extensor digiti minimi insertion

A

extensor hood of digit V

70
Q

extensor digiti minimi innervation

A

posterior interosseous (radial)

71
Q

extensor digiti minimi action

A

extend digit V

72
Q

extensor digitorum origin

A

common extensor tendon

73
Q

extensor digitorum insertion

A

extensor hood of digit II-V

74
Q

extensor digitorum innervation

A

posterior interosseous (radial)

75
Q

extensor digitorum action

A

extend digits II- V

76
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis origin

A

common extensor tendon

77
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion

A

base of metacarpals II and III

78
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation

A

deep radial nerve (radial)

79
Q

extensor carpi radialis brevis action

A

extend and abduct the hand at the wrist

80
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus origin

A

lateral supracondylar ridge

81
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus insertion

A

base of metacarpal II

82
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus innveration

A

radial nerve

83
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus action

A

extend and abduct the hand at the wrist

84
Q

anconeus origin

A

lateral epicondyle

85
Q

anconeus insertion

A

olecranon + posterior surface of the ulna

86
Q

anconeus action

A

accessory extendor of the forearm

87
Q

anconeus innervation

A

radial nerve

88
Q

brachioradialis origin

A

lateral supracondylar ridge

89
Q

brachioradialis insertion

A

lateral distal radius

90
Q

brachioradialis innervation

A

radial nerve

91
Q

brachioradialis action

A

FLEX the forearm

92
Q

what is at the lateral supracondylar ridge

A

the radial artery and nerve.

also the origin on brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

93
Q

pathway of deep radial nerve

A

goes through the supinator and then when it emerges it becomes the posterior interosseous nerve

94
Q

Deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A 
5 muscles SAL PB PLI
S: supinator
AL: abductor pollicus longus
PB: extensor pollicus brevis
PL: extensor pollicus longus
I: extensor indicis
95
Q

supinator origin

A

Superficial part: lateral epicondyle

Deep part: supinator crest of ulna

96
Q

supinator innserion

A

lateral proximal radius

97
Q

supinator innervation

A

deep radial nerve

98
Q

supinator action

A

supinates the forearm

99
Q

Abductor Pollicus Longus origin

A

posterior surface radius and ulna, adjacent to the interosseous membrane

100
Q

Abductor Pollicus Longus insertion

A

lateral base of metacarpal I

101
Q

Abductor Pollicus Longus innervation

A

posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)

102
Q

Abductor Pollicus Longus action

A

abducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint

103
Q

Extensor Pollicus Longus origin

A

posterior surface of ulna inferior to APL, adjacent to interosseous membrane

104
Q

Extensor Pollicus Longus insertion

A

distal phalanx of thumb

105
Q

Extensor Pollicus Longus innervation

A

posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)

106
Q

Extensor Pollicus Longus action

A
  • extend distal phalanx of thumb

- extension of carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

107
Q

Extensor Pollicus Brevis origin

A

posterior surface of radius, inferior to APL; adjacent to interosseous membrane

108
Q

Extensor Pollicus Brevis insertion

A

proximal phalanx of thumb

109
Q

Extensor Pollicus Brevis innervation

A

posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)

110
Q

Extensor Pollicus Brevis action

A
  • extends proximal phalanx of thumb

- extension of carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb

111
Q

Extensor Indicis origin

A

posterior surface of ulna inferior to EPL, adjacent to interosseous membrane

112
Q

Extensor Indicis insertion

A

dorsal hood of digit II

113
Q

Extensor Indicis innervation

A

posterior interosseous nerve (radial N)

114
Q

Extensor Indicis action

A

extend digit II

115
Q

main blood supply to posterior compartment of the forearm

A

the posterior interosseous artery (FROM ULNAR ARTERY!).. branch of the common interosseous artery
-runs with the posterior interosseous nerve

116
Q

cutaneous (sensory) nerves of the forearm and what they arise from

A

3:
medial antibrachial cutaneous (medial cord)
lateral antibrachial cutaneous (musculocutaneous)
posterior antibrachial cutaneous (radial nerve, above the elbow)

117
Q

protantion

A

move the distal end of radius over the distal end of the ulnar

118
Q

articular joints of the elbow and proximal/distal attachments

A
  • ulna: trochlea (humerus) + trochlear notch (ulna)
  • radius: capitulum (humerus) + radial head
  • proximal attachment: upper coronoid and radial fossae (anteriorly) and olecranon fossa (posteriorly)
  • distal attachment: trochlear notch + annular ligament
119
Q

ligaments of the elbow joint

A
  • Radial collateral ligament
  • ulnar collateral ligament
  • annular ligament
120
Q

radial collateral ligament

A

goes from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament

121
Q

ulnar collateral ligament

A

goes from medial epicondyle to medial edge of trochlear notch

122
Q

annular ligament

A
  • surrounds the neck of the radius

- allows from pivoting of radial head

123
Q

bursa of elbow (olecranon bursa)

A

between the insertion of triceps brachii and the olecranon process

124
Q

PROXIMAL Radioulnar joint (articulation and associated ligaments)

A
  • head of radius articulates with the radial notch of ulna

- held in place by the annular ligament

125
Q

DISTAL & INTERMEDIATE Radioulnar joint (articulation and associated ligaments)

A
  • DISTAL: head of ulnar articulates with the ulnar notch of radius (articular disc between ulnar notch of radius and base of ulnar styloid process)
  • INTERMED: interosseous membrane (fibrous joint)

Anatomy Unit I (6 decks)

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