Exam 1

Question 1

The _______ are derived from the mesencephalon

a) medulla oblongata and globus pallidus
b) cortex and amygdala
c) tectum and tegmentum
d) pons and cerebellum

Answer 1

tectum and tegmentum

Question 2

The process by which the neural plate becomes the neural tube is termed:

a) neurogensis
b) neurulation
c) gastrulation
d) developmental transfer

Answer 2

neurulation

Question 3

Anencephaly may result from

a) A failure of the anterior neuropore to close
b) loss of a gene important for development of the rhombencephalon
c) heartburn
d) a failr of the posterior neuropore to close

Answer 3

A failure of the anterior neuropore to close

Question 4

The choroid plexus is important for:

a) support of the meninges
b) vesicle formation
c) making cerebrospinal fluid
d) none of these are correct

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Cerebrospinal Fluid pathway (question 5)
lateral ventricles->A ->Third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius -> B -> C -> D -> Arachnoid vili and then to venous drainage system of brain

Answer 5

A) Foremen of Monro
B) Fourth Ventricle
C) Foreman of Magendie and Luschka
D) Subarachnoid Space

Question 6

With respect to the Reference Point, which anatomical direction is A? B?
(picture of a whole brain, reference point in the middle. A is to the right of the reference point and at the front of the brain. B directly below at the bottom of the brain)
-See question 6

Answer 6

A) anterior

B) Ventral

Question 7

With respect to the Reference Point, which anatomical direction is A? B?
(a slice brain, reference point is in the middle, A is directly above towards the top of the brain, B is to the right of the reference point to the side of the brain)
-see question 7

Answer 7

A) dorsal

B) lateral

Question 8

What germ layers is the nervous system derived from?

a) mesoderm
b) endoderm
c) ectoderm

Answer 8

ectoderm

Question 9

Which of these runs down the median of the spinal cord?

• anterior spinal artery
• posterior spinal artery

Answer 9

-anterior spinal artery

Question 10

Which artery supplies most of the temporal lobe with blood?

• anterior cerebral artery
• middle cerebral artery
• posterior cerebral artery
• middle cerebral communicating cartery

Answer 10

-middle cerebral artery

Question 11

Which of these is associated with the weakening of the arterial wall?

• random incorrect answer
• aneurysm
• anteriovenous malformation
• embolism

Answer 11

aneurysm

Question 12

The meninges layer that adheres tightly to the brain is the:

• arachnoid layer
• dura mater
• pia mater
• all of these are correct

Answer 12

-pia mater

Question 13

What are the 4 ways to classify thalamic nuclei based on their axon terminations?

Answer 13

1) project diffusely to many areas of cortex
2) project diffusely to the cortex but to one type/area of cortex
3) project to particular area of cortex
4) project mostly to particular area of cortex but has some diffuse projections as well

Question 14

question 16 see image

Which of the following is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 14

the one closer to the front of the brain

Question 15

question 17 see image

A lesion to which structure would lead to an inability to produce speech

Answer 15

the purple area near the front

Question 16

The internal carotid branches into the ______ and ________

Answer 16

anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery

Question 17

The sympathetic nervous system innervates

• the kidney
• the salivary glands
• the bladder
• cardiac muscle
• none of these are correct
• all of these are correct

Answer 17

-all of these are correct

Question 18

The postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system use ______ as a neurotransmitter

Answer 18

acetylcholine

Question 19

The cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system lie in the

• sympathetic chain ganglia
• hypothalamus
• intermediolateral spinal cord
• amygdala

Answer 19

-intermediolateral spinal cord

Question 20

When you stimulate this hypothalamic nucleus, animals display sham rage

• lateral hypothalamic area
• paraventricular nucleus
• dorsomedial nucleus
• suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 20

-dorsomedial nucleus

Question 21

The hypothalamus is connected to the hippocampus by which white matter tract?

• stria terminalis
• fornix
• dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
• corpus callosum

Answer 21

-fornix

Question 22

Vasopressin is produced by the…

• SON
• SCN
• anterior pituitary
• PVN

Answer 22

-SON

Question 23

The hypothalamus receives information from the amygdala through the

• stria terminalis
• corpus callosum
• mammilothalamic tract
• fornix

Answer 23

-stria terminalis

Question 24

which part of the pituitary is continuous with the hypothalamus?

• posterior pituitary
• all of the pituitary is continuous with the hypothalamus
• no part of the pituitary is continuous with the hypothalamus
• anterior pituitary

Answer 24

-posterior pituitary

Question 25

The pulvinar is an example of what kind of thalamic nucleus

• association
• the pulvinar is not a part of the thalamus
• non-specific
• relay

Answer 25

-association

Question 26

Which part of the thalamus relays visual information to the visual cortex?

• medial geniculate nucleus
• dorsomedial nucleus
• pulvinar
• lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 26

-lateral geniculate nucleus

Question 27

Lack of corpus callosum would cause which of the following:

• lack of communication between the hippocampus and hypothlamus
• loss of communication between the cerebral hemispheres
• loss of thalamocortical communication
• loss of sensory input to the cortex from the spinal cord

Answer 27

-loss of communication between the cerebral hemispheres

Question 28

The cells in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus almost exclusively express

• acetylcholine
• glutamate
• norepinephrine
• GABA

Answer 28

GABA

Question 29

What are the names of the two collections of white matter fibers that divide up the thalamus?

Answer 29

external medial laminary

internal medial laminary

Question 30

What are the 3 major pathways carrying formation out of the hypothalamus to the rest of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 30

1) mammillotegmental
2) dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
3) medial forebrain bundle

Question 31

Parasympathetic ganglia are closer to the central nervous system than sympathetic ganglia

T/F

Answer 31

FALSE

Question 32

Which cranial nerve is not considered part of the peripheral nervous system

• optic
• vagus
• all of the cranial nerves are considered part of the peripheral nervous system
• olfactory

Answer 32

-optic

Question 33

The parasympathetic nervous system includes nerves coming from with portion of the spinal cord?

• lumbar
• sacral
• thoracic
• it includes nerves from all levels of the spinal cord

Answer 33

-sacral

Question 34

What is the main job of the thalamus?

what information does it receive

Answer 34

To receive sensory information (besides olfaction) and send it to the appropriate area of the cortex or other part of the brain to determine how to respond. Acts as a relay center for information and gateway to the cortex.

Question 35

What are the 3 main functions of the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 35

1) maintain the environment of the brain
2) keep out toxins
3) keep out neurotransmitters and other such chemicals

Question 36

The left side of the image represents a normal brain. The right side of the image represents a brain displaying pathological enlargement of the ventricles. What is a possible cause of the enlargement shown on the right?

• subarachnoid hemorrhage
• dehydration
• CSF leak
• dementia

see problem 37

Answer 36

dementia