Exam 1 Flashcards
The _______ are derived from the mesencephalon
a) medulla oblongata and globus pallidus
b) cortex and amygdala
c) tectum and tegmentum
d) pons and cerebellum
tectum and tegmentum
The process by which the neural plate becomes the neural tube is termed:
a) neurogensis
b) neurulation
c) gastrulation
d) developmental transfer
neurulation
Anencephaly may result from
a) A failure of the anterior neuropore to close
b) loss of a gene important for development of the rhombencephalon
c) heartburn
d) a failr of the posterior neuropore to close
A failure of the anterior neuropore to close
The choroid plexus is important for:
a) support of the meninges
b) vesicle formation
c) making cerebrospinal fluid
d) none of these are correct
C
Cerebrospinal Fluid pathway (question 5)
lateral ventricles->A ->Third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius -> B -> C -> D -> Arachnoid vili and then to venous drainage system of brain
A) Foremen of Monro
B) Fourth Ventricle
C) Foreman of Magendie and Luschka
D) Subarachnoid Space
With respect to the Reference Point, which anatomical direction is A? B?
(picture of a whole brain, reference point in the middle. A is to the right of the reference point and at the front of the brain. B directly below at the bottom of the brain)
-See question 6
A) anterior
B) Ventral
With respect to the Reference Point, which anatomical direction is A? B?
(a slice brain, reference point is in the middle, A is directly above towards the top of the brain, B is to the right of the reference point to the side of the brain)
-see question 7
A) dorsal
B) lateral
What germ layers is the nervous system derived from?
a) mesoderm
b) endoderm
c) ectoderm
ectoderm
Which of these runs down the median of the spinal cord?
- anterior spinal artery
- posterior spinal artery
-anterior spinal artery
Which artery supplies most of the temporal lobe with blood?
- anterior cerebral artery
- middle cerebral artery
- posterior cerebral artery
- middle cerebral communicating cartery
-middle cerebral artery
Which of these is associated with the weakening of the arterial wall?
- random incorrect answer
- aneurysm
- anteriovenous malformation
- embolism
aneurysm
The meninges layer that adheres tightly to the brain is the:
- arachnoid layer
- dura mater
- pia mater
- all of these are correct
-pia mater
What are the 4 ways to classify thalamic nuclei based on their axon terminations?
1) project diffusely to many areas of cortex
2) project diffusely to the cortex but to one type/area of cortex
3) project to particular area of cortex
4) project mostly to particular area of cortex but has some diffuse projections as well
question 16 see image
Which of the following is the primary motor cortex?
the one closer to the front of the brain
question 17 see image
A lesion to which structure would lead to an inability to produce speech
the purple area near the front
The internal carotid branches into the ______ and ________
anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery
The sympathetic nervous system innervates
- the kidney
- the salivary glands
- the bladder
- cardiac muscle
- none of these are correct
- all of these are correct
-all of these are correct
The postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system use ______ as a neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
The cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system lie in the
- sympathetic chain ganglia
- hypothalamus
- intermediolateral spinal cord
- amygdala
-intermediolateral spinal cord
When you stimulate this hypothalamic nucleus, animals display sham rage
- lateral hypothalamic area
- paraventricular nucleus
- dorsomedial nucleus
- suprachiasmatic nucleus
-dorsomedial nucleus
The hypothalamus is connected to the hippocampus by which white matter tract?
- stria terminalis
- fornix
- dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- corpus callosum
-fornix
Vasopressin is produced by the…
- SON
- SCN
- anterior pituitary
- PVN
-SON
The hypothalamus receives information from the amygdala through the
- stria terminalis
- corpus callosum
- mammilothalamic tract
- fornix
-stria terminalis
which part of the pituitary is continuous with the hypothalamus?
- posterior pituitary
- all of the pituitary is continuous with the hypothalamus
- no part of the pituitary is continuous with the hypothalamus
- anterior pituitary
-posterior pituitary
The pulvinar is an example of what kind of thalamic nucleus
- association
- the pulvinar is not a part of the thalamus
- non-specific
- relay
-association
Which part of the thalamus relays visual information to the visual cortex?
- medial geniculate nucleus
- dorsomedial nucleus
- pulvinar
- lateral geniculate nucleus
-lateral geniculate nucleus
Lack of corpus callosum would cause which of the following:
- lack of communication between the hippocampus and hypothlamus
- loss of communication between the cerebral hemispheres
- loss of thalamocortical communication
- loss of sensory input to the cortex from the spinal cord
-loss of communication between the cerebral hemispheres
The cells in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus almost exclusively express
- acetylcholine
- glutamate
- norepinephrine
- GABA
GABA
What are the names of the two collections of white matter fibers that divide up the thalamus?
external medial laminary
internal medial laminary
What are the 3 major pathways carrying formation out of the hypothalamus to the rest of the autonomic nervous system?
1) mammillotegmental
2) dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
3) medial forebrain bundle
Parasympathetic ganglia are closer to the central nervous system than sympathetic ganglia
T/F
FALSE
Which cranial nerve is not considered part of the peripheral nervous system
- optic
- vagus
- all of the cranial nerves are considered part of the peripheral nervous system
- olfactory
-optic
The parasympathetic nervous system includes nerves coming from with portion of the spinal cord?
- lumbar
- sacral
- thoracic
- it includes nerves from all levels of the spinal cord
-sacral
What is the main job of the thalamus?
what information does it receive
To receive sensory information (besides olfaction) and send it to the appropriate area of the cortex or other part of the brain to determine how to respond. Acts as a relay center for information and gateway to the cortex.
What are the 3 main functions of the blood-brain barrier?
1) maintain the environment of the brain
2) keep out toxins
3) keep out neurotransmitters and other such chemicals
The left side of the image represents a normal brain. The right side of the image represents a brain displaying pathological enlargement of the ventricles. What is a possible cause of the enlargement shown on the right?
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- dehydration
- CSF leak
- dementia
see problem 37
dementia
