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Systems Neuroscience > Cerebrovascular System > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Your brain LOVES ____

A

*Your brain LOVES blood
Especially oxygenated blood
Uses about 20% of your total blood supply

  • About half of the things that can go wrong inside of your skull are related to the cerebrovascular system
  • 10-15 seconds without oxygenated blood to brain –> pass out
  • 3-5 minutes without oxygenated blood to brain –> irreparable damage

Therefore, it is actually important and we need to talk about it

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2
Q

Internal carotid (function) **

A

– anterior blood circulation

Blood going to the front part of brain

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3
Q

Vertebral arteries (right and left)

A
  • posterior blood circulation
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4
Q

anterior communicating artery

A
  • Left and right anterior cerebral arteries joined by the anterior communicating artery
  • Approximately 1/3 of aneurysms occur here. Leads to vision loss due to proximity to the optic chiasm
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5
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery Supplies…

A
  • Most of the temporal lobe
  • Primary motor cortex for upper extremities
  • Primary somatosensory cortex for lower extremities
  • Assorted lateral surfaces of the brain
  • Insula
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6
Q

basilar artery (how formed)

A
  • The vertebral arteries pass through the foramen magnum and join to form the basilar artery.
  • Frequently referred to as the vertebrobasilar system
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7
Q

Posterior Cerebral Arteries Supply

A
  • Posterior cerebral cortex
  • A lot of your diencephalon
  • Midbrain

(I think important for visual system)

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8
Q

Vasocorona

A
  • meshwork of vessels
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9
Q

Embolism

A

*A blockage or occlusion in an artery- embolus
*Includes thrombus (thrombosis)
*Leads to ischemia (reduced blood flow)
*Area supplied by the artery with the embolus loses oxygenated blood supply
Can lead to infarction (tissue death)

*Common cause of stroke (ischemic stroke)

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10
Q

ischemic stroke

A

An embolism is a common cause of an ischemic stroke

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11
Q

infarction

A

means tissue death

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12
Q

Aneurysms

A
  • Dilation of blood vessel
  • Blood cannot pass well through this point
  • Walls of artery weaken
  • Leads to ballooning of vessel and possible rupture of vessel

*Cause of hemorrhagic stroke

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13
Q

Arteriovenous Malformations

A
  • Something did not develop correctly
  • Generally comes in the form of a weird tangle of blood vessels
  • This can lead to areas not getting enough blood flow or to a weakening/rupture of the tangled branches
  • Why do they happen? Great question. No real answer. *There does not appear to be a strong genetic component either. However, we do know that there is a lot of variability in the formation of the vascular system between people. (Example: source of the anterior spinal artery)
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14
Q

Internal Carotid Splits into …

A

Once it enters the skull, the internal carotid artery splits into:

  • Anterior cerebral arteries (right and left)
  • Middle cerebral artery (right and left)

Note- these are the terminal branches, not the only branches of the internal carotid

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15
Q

Anterior cerebral arteries bring blood to what part of the brain?

A

(the frontal mostly)

The septal area
Primary motor cortex for lower extremities 
Motor planning areas in the frontal lobe
Primary somatosensory cortex lower extremities
Most of the corpus callosum
Optic chiasm
Hypothalamus
Parts of the caudate and putamen
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16
Q

T/F the Anterior Cerebral Artery has branching

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery (characteristics)

A

Usually larger than the anterior cerebral artery
Has multiple smaller branches
There is no communicating artery between the right and left middle cerebral arteries

Interestingly, it can be created surgically to help treat aneurysms and occlusions of the middle cerebral artery

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18
Q

Blood gets to your brain initially through the *****

A

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

there is some overlap= probs a good thing

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19
Q

vertebrobasilar system

A

The vertebral arteries pass through the foramen magnum and join to form the basilar artery.

20
Q

Which part of the vertebral artery is particularly susceptible to injury?

(and um why?)

A

The V4 segment of the vertebral artery is particularly susceptible to injury

21
Q

The basilar artery splits into the ___?

-when/where?

A
  • The basilar artery splits into the right and left posterior cerebral arteries
  • I think at the level of the pons

*The basilar artery also gives rise to the superior cerebellar artery

The basilar artery also gives rise to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

22
Q

superior cerebellar artery

-travels near:

A

The basilar artery also gives rise to the superior cerebellar artery

The superior cerebellar artery travels near the oculomotor and trochlear nerves

Supplies the upper (superior) cerebellum and part of the midbrain

23
Q

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

The basilar artery also gives rise to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

*The anterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies the anterior inferior portions of the cerebellum

24
Q

vertebral arteries gives rise to

A
  • join to form the basilar artery
  • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • Anterior spinal artery
  • Posterior spinal artery (sometimes)
25
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A
  • posterior inferior part of the cerebellum
26
Q

What artery does the vertebral artery give rise to that gives the blood supply for your medulla and parts of the cerebellum

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery- posterior inferior part of the cerebellum

27
Q

Anterior spinal artery-

-runs:

A

supplies anterior portion of spinal cord

runs down the median of the spinal cord on the anterior side (motor side)

28
Q

Cerebellar Arteries

A

The superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the posterior inferior cerebellar artery anastomose (are connected)

29
Q

Posterior spinal artery

A
  • supplies posterior portion of the spinal cord
    25% of time it comes from the vertebral arteries, 75% of the time it comes from the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Posterior spinal arteries (2)- run down the left and right sides of the spinal cord on the posterior side
(sensory side)

30
Q

Spinal Arteries

A
  • Anterior spinal artery
  • Posterior spinal arteries (2)
  • Vasocorona- meshwork of vessels
  • Medullary segmental arteries
31
Q

Vasocorona

A
  • meshwork of vessels

Spinal Arteries

32
Q

Medullary segmental arteries

A
  • supply additional blood flow to areas with the most need (near cervical and lumbar enlargements)
33
Q

What artery supplies the Basal ganglia?

A

the Middle cerebral artery

34
Q

What artery supplies the thalamus?

A

The posterior cerebral artery

35
Q

What artery supplies a lot of the outside portion of the brain?

A

Middle cerebral supplies a lot of outside portion

36
Q

In a medial brain… what artery supplies a lot?

A

the anterior cerebral artery (slide 29)

37
Q

Venous Flow **

A

Venous outflow from the brain travels through superficial and deep veins

The superficial and deep veins drain into the dural venous sinuses.

(-ultimately all funneling towards the same place=> Internal Jugular vein)

38
Q

Internal jugular vein

A

The final exit point for blood in your skull is through the internal jugular vein

Blood from the dural venous sinuses drains into it

39
Q

Things That Can Go Wrong with cerebrovascular system (3)

A
  • Embolism
  • Aneurysms
  • Arteriovenous Malformations
40
Q

What is the cause of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Aneurysms

41
Q

Vertebral arteries join –>

A

basilar artery

42
Q

neural crest cells arise from the _____ aspect of the neural tube

-yes I am throwing it back to this lecuture

A

dorsal aspect

43
Q

where do approximately 1/3 of aneurysms occur

A

anterior communicating artery

44
Q

(A) can be created surgically to help treat aneurysms and occlusions of the (A)

A

middle cerebral artery

45
Q

do the internal carotid and vertebral arteries have overlap

A

yes

46
Q

does the Middle Cerebral Artery have a communicating artery

A

NO

Systems Neuroscience (24 decks)

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