EX3; Salivary Glands 2 Flashcards
What are the three histological details of salivary glands
acinar cells
myoepithelial cells
ducts
What are the acinar cells joined by, surrounding what
tight junctions
central lumen
What is the space between the acinar cells called
inter-cellular space
What do the tight junctions and intercellular spaces allow what
the passage of water and small ions, but restrict the passage of large molecules
The end of the acinar cells that faces the lumen contains what
secretory granules
This surrounds the acinar cells
myoepithelial
The entire end piece of the acinus is surrounded by what
basal lamina
This a pyramidal shape acinar cells resting on a basal lamina with a round nucleus
serous cell
True or False
The serous acinar cells contains short, irregular, microvilli
True
What kind of characteristics do serous acinar cells exhibit
polarized, protein secreting cells
What does the serous acinar cells secrete
many enzymes and glycoproteins
What structures are found in a serous acinar cell
rough ER
golgi apparatus
secretory granules
lumen
This is a cubodial to columnar cells with an oval nuclei pressed toward the base and is arranged in tubules around a large central lumen
mucous cell
What does a mucous cell secrete
mucins
What type of staining does the secretory granules undergo
pale staining
The shapes of the end pieces of the mucous glands are what in shape
more tubular
Why is the cytoplasm of the mucous cells paler staining than that of the serous cells
the mucin is contained within the secretory granules
The lemon in the mucous secretory end pieces is more what
larger and more obvious
Due to the position of 3 mucous cells topped by 3 serous cells, what is this called; seen during EM scanning
serous demilune
When the specimen is prepared with rapid freezing, what is a noticeable difference in regards to the structure
the mucous and serous components appear side by side
also the mucous nuclei is not compressed
This surrounds the acini and intercalated discs, lies within the basal lamina, and has multiple processes (surrounding acini)
myoepithelial cell
The myoepithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell that has what
has contractile properties
What is the function of the myoepithelial cell
its innervated and functions in expelling saliva into the ductal system
What are the three types of ducts associated with salivary glands
intercalated
striated (secretory)
excretory (collecting)
This duct empties directly into the oral cavity
excretory
What is the flow of saliva through the ducts
intercalated then striated then excretory
What differs between the major and minor salivary gland duct system
minor duct arrangement different from major
minor glands have many excretory ducts associated
This is the smallest, short duct of which several acini drain into
intercalated duct
The cells that make up an intercalated duct look like what
cubodial in shape with a centrally placed nucleus
What does the intercalated duct do besides convey saliva
secretes a few antimicrobial proteins
This is a longer, more active duct which is the site of reabsorption of sodium and chloride
striated ducts
What is the function of started duct absorption
to ensure the saliva reaching the mouth is hypotonic
Because reabsorption in the started duct is against the concentration gradient, what must occur
energy is required for which ATP is critical
What is the important molecule that started ducts secrete
bicarbonate
What is the shape of a started duct cell
columnar short microvili numerous infoldings of basolateral membranes; striations prominent mitochondria highly polarized
Once the started duct cells absorb the sodium and chloride, what happens to it
it gets taken up at the apical end thorough its basal aspect where they pass to capillaries adjacent to striations at the basal end of the cell
What is the purpose of excretory ducts
simply carrying the saliva to the oral cavity
What become of the shape of the excretory ducts as they get closer to the oral cavity
they become wider
What does the single epithelial layer of the excretory change into as it gets cloister to the oral epithelium
psudostratified epithelium; sometime stratified and keratinized
Where are excretory ducts often located
in connective tissue
What is the shape of the lumen in excretory ducts
irregularly shaped
What is the position of the nuclei in excretory ducts
irregularly positioned
What kind of cells intermingle/surround excretory ducts
fibroblasts
goblet cells
These glands are associated with the taste bud bearing foliate and circumvallate papillae of the posterior tongue
Von Ebner’s glands
What is a age change that affects 30-60%
general loss of parenchyma
True or False
reduced salivary flow does not seem to correlate very strongly with the degree of loss of salivary tissue
True
What seems to be the main culprit of reduced salivary flow
prescription medications
This viral disease usually affects the parotid gland with painful swelling
mumps
This disease/condition is where stones, often in submandibular, obstruct secretion causing painful swelling
sialoliths
This disease/condition obstructs secretions from minor glands, causes painful swelling
mucous plugs or trauma
True or False
Many viruses replicated and shed into saliva
True; epstein-barr, herpes, etc.
The severity of hyposalivation symptoms depends upon what
the degree of salivary loss
This is the subjective feeling of dry mouth
xerostomia
What is considered a reduced flow rate
less than 0.1ml/min
2/3 reduction from normal levels
What additional changes in the oral cavity can result from dry mouth
mucosal changes enamel erosion increased caries difficulty in chewing/swallowing changes in taste
What kind of medications reduce salivary flow
anticholinergic drugs diuretics antidepressants antihistamines antihypertensives
Besides medication, this has a severe effect on salivary flow
head and neck radiation
True or False
The reduced salivary flow due to head and neck radiation is both rapid (days) and long lasting
True
What is the initial effect on salivary flow due to head/neck radiation
reduced gland function
What is the later effect on salivary flow due to head/neck radiation
cell death, primarily of acinar cells
True or False
Newer radiation therapies offer no difference in reducing salivary flow
False; the newer therapies more specifically target tumor sites and can spare salivary function
What two new therapies are in development to restore salivary flow
stem cell therapies
genetic modification of remaining salivary tissues
What are the three ways to manage hyposalivation
frequent dental evaluations and prophylaxis due to prevalence of complications
artificial saliva
salivary stimulants
What is a problem with products meant to mimic saliva
must be used frequently
poor patient compliance
