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May14 Oral Histology > EX3; Oral Mucosa > Flashcards

EX3; Oral Mucosa Flashcards

1
Q

The mouth is lined by what

A

moist mucous membrane (must like the nasal passageway ad GI tract)

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2
Q

What two tissues is the mucous membrane organ composed of

A

epithelium

lamina propria

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3
Q

What is the lamina propria

A

connective tissue (+submucosa sometimes)

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4
Q

What lies in the lamina propria and submucosa

A 
blood vessels (submucosa too)
salivary glands (submucosa most prominenmt location)
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5
Q

What is the function of salivary glands

A

lubricate the surface via ducts

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6
Q

Ducts from both the major and minor salivary glands travel through the connective tissue to communicate with what

A

the mucosal surface

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7
Q

What are the main functions (3) of the oral mucosa

A

protection; barrier and antimicrobial

ingestion

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8
Q

What specific molecule in the oral mucosa is used as an antimicrobial

A

beta-defensins

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9
Q

True or False

The oral mucosa is HIGHLY innervated

A

True

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10
Q

What types of sensations can the oral mucosa detect

A

touch
pain
termal
taste

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11
Q

All oral epithelium is what kind of epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

This is the self-renewing layer of the epithelium

A

deep layers; undergo cell division

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13
Q

This layer migrates and matures, then is sloughed of

A

superficial layer

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14
Q

What is the turnover time of oral epithelium

A

relatively fast

it speeds healing but also makes the tissues more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division

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15
Q

Diffuse mucositis/ulcer and extensive ulceration can be the effect of what

A

head/neck radiotherapy

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16
Q

Most of the volume of the epithelium is occupied by what

A

cells

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17
Q

What are the most numerous cells in the epithelium

A

keratinocytes

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18
Q

These are pigment cells found in the basal layers

A

melanocytes

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19
Q

These are immune cells found in the supra-basal layers

A

Langerhans (dendritic) cells

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20
Q

These are sensory cells found in the basal layers

A

Merkel cells

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21
Q

Non-keratinocytes are identified as clear cells due to what

A

lack of cytokeratin staining

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22
Q

What are some examples of keratinized and non-keratinized oral mucosa

A 
keratinized = gingiva, hard palate
non-keratinized = alveolar mucosa, soft palate, buccal mucosa
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23
Q

This layer of epithelium is due to the appearance of desomosomes

A

prickle layer

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24
Q

What is the appearance of keratinized epithelium

A

no organelles
dehydrated; flat
tougher

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25
Q

What is the appearance of non-keratinized epithelium

A

organelles

flexible

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26
Q

True or False

All epithelial cells contain keratinocytes, which contain cytokeratins

A

True; even non-keratinized

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27
Q

This is a large multi gene family of proteins, split into type 1 (acidic) and type 2 (basic)

A

cytokeratins

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28
Q

The cytokeratins assemble into what cytoskeletal support element

A

intermediate filaments

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29
Q

What is the structure of the intermediate filaments

A

central helical core flanked by non-helical ends; coiled heterodimer
each cell expresses 2 cytokeratins
10k heterodimers = intermedaite filament

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30
Q

What is the strength of the intermediate filaments

A

they are the strongest cytoskeletal element

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31
Q

Intermediate filaments are the intracellular components of what

A

desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

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32
Q

This is a rare, blistering in response to minor trauma, and most severe in epidermis disease

A

epidermolysis bullosa simplex

mutation in cytokeratin

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33
Q

True or False

different epithelial layers and tissues contain characteristic cytokeratins

A

True

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34
Q

Cytokeratin expression can change with what

A

disease state

35
Q

Mutations in cytokeratin genes can produce what

A

regionally-specific diseases

36
Q

This type of epithelium is tougher and more impermeable

A

keratinized

37
Q

This type of epithelium is more flexible

A

non-keratinized

38
Q

The amount of cytokeratin increases in what, in both non-keratinzied and keratinized epithelium

A

superficial layers (although more in keratinized)

39
Q

What are two biochemical properties of cytokeratins

A

promotes aggregation

permits binding with fillagrin

40
Q

What molecule promotes aggregation involving cytokeratins

A

Tonofibrils

41
Q

What molecule permits binding with fillagrin involving cytokeratins

A

keratohyalin granules

42
Q

The cytokeratin type in non-keratinized epithelium does not promote what

A

aggregationg; cannot complex with fillagrin

43
Q

What do the superficial layers of non-keratinized epithelium look like

A

not flat/dehydrated
retain nuclei
cytokeratin tonofilaments

44
Q

These are membrane bound organelles filled with gylcolipids first appearing in the upper prickle layer and released in more superficial layers to coat cell

A

membrane coating granules

45
Q

What do membrane coating granules do

A

serve as an intercellular barrier to aqueous substances

46
Q

This serves as an effective barrier in keratinized epithelium

A

differences in chemical composition

47
Q

This is a 15nm cross-linked protein sheath comprised of loricrin and other proteins which is highly permeable to fluids passing

A

cornified envelope

48
Q

Differences in membrane thickening produces what

A

an effective paracellular permeability barrier in keratinized epithelium

49
Q

What are two variations in keratinization

A

incomplete keratinization

hyperkeratinization

50
Q

What is the majority of the lamina propria volume occupied by

51
Q

What additional cells are present in the lamina propria

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
other inflammatory cells

52
Q

What cells around found in the ECM of lamina propria

A

PGs and GAGs
glycoproteins
collagen type I and III
elastin

53
Q

The relative amount of type 1:type 3 collagen is greater for what

A

less flexible regions of the oral cavity

54
Q

This is more prominent in the oral mucosa than in the pulp or PDL

55
Q

The epithelial/connective tissue interface is considered what

A

convoluted

56
Q

What makes up the epithelial/connective tissue convoluted interface

A

epithelial rete pegs
connective tissue papillae
papillary and reticular layers

57
Q

This component of the gingiva reflects the underlying pegs and connective tissue papillae

58
Q

This is present under some regions of oral mucosa containing larger blood vessels and nerves supplying LP glands

59
Q

What does the submucosa separate the lamina prorpia from

A

bone and muscle

60
Q

What are the three specialization of the oral mucosa

A

lining
masticatory
specialized

61
Q

These structures make up the masticatory mucosa

A

hard palate

gingiva

62
Q

These structures make up the lining mucosa

A 
alveolar mucosa
soft palate
cheek
underside of tongue
floor of mouth
63
Q

These structures make up the specialized mucosa

A

dorsal tongue

vermillion border

64
Q

This is non-keratilized epithelium with variable thickness; thicken in the buccal mucosa, thinner in the FOM; short, broad papilla with a present submucosa

A

lining mucosa

65
Q

What kind of fibers does the lamina propria of the lining mucosa contain more of

A

elastic fibers

66
Q

What would occur is an incision/injection is made in the lining mucosa

A

incision; gaping, needs suturing

injection; less painful

67
Q

This part of the lip region is keratinized, thin, blood vessels are close to surface, and no sweat/mucous glands

A

vermillion border

68
Q

This part of the lip region is keratinized, thinnest, and contains sweat glands and hair follicles

A

exterior skin

69
Q

This part of the lip region is non-keratinized, thicker, and contains mucous glands

A

labial mucosa

70
Q

This is keratinized with dense lamina propria with more collagen, with many long thin connective tissue papillae

A

masticatory mucosa

71
Q

This is variably present in hard palate and not present in rugae, along the midlines raphe, and adjacent to gingiva

72
Q

In masticatory mucosa, submucosa is not in gingiva, but what is

A

mucoperiosteum

73
Q

What would occur is an incision/injection is made in the masticatory mucosa

A

incision; doesn’t not gape, no sutures

injection; painful

74
Q

This is part of free gingiva which faces tooth, generally non-keratinized

A

sulcular epithelium

75
Q

This forms seal with hard tissues tooth, and is orientated along the long axis of the tooth, around 15-30 cells thick at top and 3-4 at the bottom

A

junctional epithelium

76
Q

What kind of basement membrane does the junctional epithelium have

77
Q

What is the differenetion level of the junctional epithelium

A

relatively non-differentiated cells

78
Q

How permeable is the junctional epithelium

A

highly permeable

79
Q

What are the two basal laminas of the junctional epithelium

A

external; between JE and LP

internal; between JE and tooth

80
Q

What is absent in the internal basal lamina of the junctional epithelium

A

collagen components

81
Q

This is a protein expressed in the junctional epithelium

A

odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein ODAM

82
Q

True or False

Junctional epithelium can regenerate relatively rapid and around dental implants

83
Q

This was sued to demonstrate blood vessels in the papillary layer of gingiva

A

fluorescein angiography

May14 Oral Histology (25 decks)

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