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May14 Oral Histology > EX3; Salivary Glands 1 > Flashcards

EX3; Salivary Glands 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Reduced salivation can cause what

A

increased incidence of caries

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2
Q

What two conditions have particularly potent hypo salivation effects

A

head and neck radiotherapy

Sjogren’s syndrome

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3
Q

This is the injection of an isotope of Technetium, which binds to Na-K-Cl membrane transport system of acinar cells of salivary and other glands; used in the case study of the boy with no saliva

A

salivary gland scintigraphy

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4
Q

True or False

genetic abnormalities of major salivary glands are fairly common

A

False; they are rare

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5
Q

True or False

genetic abnormalities of major salivary glands may involve a single or multiple glands

A

True

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6
Q

What may salivary gland agenesis be accompanied by

A

other developmental disorders of the ectoderm or 1st branchial arch
abnormalities of the hair, nails, missing teeth, or deafness

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7
Q

What is the severity of of salivary gland genesis dependent upon

A

the number of glands affected

type of abnormality; total lack of gland vs hypofunction

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8
Q

What is important to do regarding salivary gland agenesis

A

early diagnosis and immediate measures to prevent caries

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9
Q

These are highly glycosylated glycoproteins that are viscous and responsible for lubricating the mucosal surface and providing a protective barrier

A

mucins

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10
Q

What do mucins tranp and clear

A

bacteria and sugar

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11
Q

This is secreted in saliva and serves an important function in buffering acids in the mouth (neutralization of acids and pH maintenance)

A

bicarbonate

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12
Q

These are calcium-binding proteins present in saliva; allowing saliva to be super saturated and contribute to enamel maturation and remineralization

A

proline-rich proteins

statherin

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13
Q

These molecules contribute to the direct antimicrobial function os saliva (anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, etc.)

A 
lysozyme
peroxidase
defensins
histatins
IgA
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14
Q

Some evidence suggests that saliva secretes this to actively participate in tissue repair

A

growth factors
epidermal growth factor
nerve growth factor

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15
Q

This provides lubrication that is critical to chewing and swallowing

A

mucins

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16
Q

Saliva contains these two enzymes which being to break down starch and fats into free fatty acids and glycerol

A 
amylase = starch
lipase = fats
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17
Q

Taste molecules must first be dissolved in this so they can be transported to the taste buds

A

water

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18
Q

Salivary glands are considered which type of glands

A

exocrine

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19
Q

How do salivary glands discharge their secretion

A

via a duct to an epithelial surface

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20
Q

What are the three major salivary glands

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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21
Q

What is the normal daytime salivary flow rate

A

0.3-04 ml/min

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22
Q

What is the normal daytime volume of saliva in the mouth

A

0.8-1.1ml; most of it is a thin film that covers the teeth

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23
Q

This major salivary gland secretes a mixed but mostly mucous secretion and 7-8% of the total volume

A

sublingual

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24
Q

This major salivary gland secretes a serous (watery) saliva with amylase and around 60% of the total volume

A

parotid

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25
Q

This major salivary gland secretes a mixed but most serous saliva and 25% of the total volume

A

submandibuar

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26
Q

What are the minor salivary glands

A 
Von Ebner glands
labial
palatal
buccal
lingual
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27
Q

What do the Von Ebner glands secrete (serous)

A

lingual lipases

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28
Q

What do the labial, palatal, buccla, and lingual glands secrete (mucous)

A

mucins

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29
Q

This salivary gland’s anterior end wraps around the caudal end of the mylohyoid and the duct travels superficially to empty into the oral cavity at Wharton’s duct

A

submandibular

30
Q

This salivary gland is the largest and sits superficial to the caudal end of the masseter, and discharges saliva through Stenson’s duct

31
Q

This salivary gland is the smallest and empties into a series of ducts behind Wharton’s duct called Bartholin and Rivinus ducts

A

sublingual

32
Q

This serves as the supporting role of the salivary gland forming a capsule and organizing the gland into lobes

33
Q

This serves as doing the characteristic work of the given gland; making saliva and discharging it to the final destination

A

parenchyma

34
Q

The stroma is made up of what type of tissue

A

connective tissue

35
Q

The parenchyma is make up of what type of tissue

A

epithelium

36
Q

This divides the gland into lobes (large) and lobules (minor)

37
Q

This produces collagen in the stroma

A

fibroblasts

38
Q

These supply the parenchyma in the stroma

A

blood vessels

nerve fibers

39
Q

This secretes antibodies in the stroma

A

plasma cells

40
Q

This increases with age in the stroma

41
Q

During which embryonic week do the salivary glands begin development

42
Q

What is the order of gland development

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual
minor glands (2-3 months)

43
Q

Where is the parenchyma of both the acini and ducts derived from

A

ectoderm (parotid) or endoderm

44
Q

Where is the stroma derived from

A

neural crest

45
Q

What are the two main components of the parenchyma

A

secretory portion called acini

ducts

46
Q

What are the acini composed of

A

individual acinar or secretary cells; they make saliva

47
Q

What are the two main types of acinar cells

A

serous

mucous

48
Q

The acini open up into a series of what kind of ducts, which get progressively larger

A 
intercalated started (secretory)
excretory
49
Q

The initiation of salivary gland development begins which what

A

the thickening of the ectoderm or endoderm forming a bud; signals exchanged between ectoderm/endoderm and mesenchyme

50
Q

Once the salivary bud branches, what occurs

A

more branching then part of the branching hollows out in process known as cavitation

51
Q

This molecule is important in cell adhesion, but disappears upon clefting/branching of the gland

A

e-cadherin

52
Q

True or False

The cell turns off its expression of e-cadherin, making way for branching to occur

A

False; it does not turn off the expression, it just re-directs it

53
Q

This molecular is important for clefting to occur

A

BTBD7 (cleftin); siRNA’s were used to inhibit it

54
Q

Cleftin is induced by what ECM molecule

A

fibronectin

55
Q

What two actions does cleftin do

A

suppresses the expression of e-cadherin

upregulates expression of snail2

56
Q

What is the current hypothesis involving snail2

A

promotes change in cell shape, coupled with the loss of e-cadherin

57
Q

True or False

The acini secrete saliva

58
Q

True or False

The ducts only secrete saliva

A

False; they also resorb certain components

59
Q

This is the primary secretion or primary saliva

A

water

proteins and ions like Na and Cl

60
Q

True or False

the primary secretion/saliva is isotonic

61
Q

True or False

acinar cells are not water permeable, which duct cells are water permeable

A

False;
acinar cells are water permeable
duct cells are not

62
Q

What does the duct cells secrete

A

few proteins like bicarbonate

63
Q

True or False

The secondary secretion/saliva is isotonic

A

False; it is hyoptonic

64
Q

Salivary secretion is under what control

A

neural control; parasympathetics and sympathetics

65
Q

Which cranial nerves play a role in salivary gland innervation

A

7 - facial

9 - glossopharyngeal

66
Q

The sympathetic supply to the salivary glands originates where

A

in the IML of the spinal cord then to the superior cervical ganglion

67
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for what kind of secretion

68
Q

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system along produces what

A

a protein-laden, viscous secretion that is not voluminous

69
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is mainly responsible for what kind of secretion

A

fluid secretion that account for most of the volume of saliva

70
Q

In the salivary gland cells, this is maintained at high intracellular concentration with an energy-requiring ion pump

May14 Oral Histology (25 decks)

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