Evolutionary Developmental Biology Flashcards

1
Q

How are segments in arthropods determined?

A

segment polarity gene ‘engrailed’ in the germ band stage

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2
Q

Which genes code for AP positional information?

A

Hox gene clusters

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3
Q

Which genes code for Dorso/Ventral positional information?

A

Dpp (dorsal) / Sog (ventral)

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4
Q

Which gene is responsible for eyes?

A

Pax6

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5
Q

Which gene is responsible for the heart?

A

Tinman/NK2.5 genes

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6
Q

What are the 4 types of mutations?

A
  1. Point mutations
  2. Insertions/deletions
  3. Duplications
  4. Rearrangements
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7
Q

What is the DCC model?

A
  1. A gene is duplicated
  2. One of the genes degenerates
  3. Complementation occurs wither via subfunctionalisation (each takes on different function), neofunctionalisation (one takes on a new function) or nunfunctionalisation (where one becomes non-functional)
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8
Q

What is pleiotropy?

A

When one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.

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9
Q

What is heterotropy?

A

Evolution via changing topological arrangements of structures.

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10
Q

What is heterometry?

A

Evolution via changing sizes (metrics) of structures.

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11
Q

What is heterotypy?

A

Evolution by changing the types of structures e.g novelties on butterfly wings via co-option

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12
Q

What is heterochrony?

A

Evolution via changing the timing of evolutionary events

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