Evolutionary Developmental Biology Flashcards
How are segments in arthropods determined?
segment polarity gene ‘engrailed’ in the germ band stage
Which genes code for AP positional information?
Hox gene clusters
Which genes code for Dorso/Ventral positional information?
Dpp (dorsal) / Sog (ventral)
Which gene is responsible for eyes?
Pax6
Which gene is responsible for the heart?
Tinman/NK2.5 genes
What are the 4 types of mutations?
- Point mutations
- Insertions/deletions
- Duplications
- Rearrangements
What is the DCC model?
- A gene is duplicated
- One of the genes degenerates
- Complementation occurs wither via subfunctionalisation (each takes on different function), neofunctionalisation (one takes on a new function) or nunfunctionalisation (where one becomes non-functional)
What is pleiotropy?
When one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
What is heterotropy?
Evolution via changing topological arrangements of structures.
What is heterometry?
Evolution via changing sizes (metrics) of structures.
What is heterotypy?
Evolution by changing the types of structures e.g novelties on butterfly wings via co-option
What is heterochrony?
Evolution via changing the timing of evolutionary events