Evolution, Psychology and Freud

Question 1

What was the name of Charles Darwin’s grandfather who first talked of evolution?
A Ernest Darwin B Ebenezer Darwin C Ephraim Darwin D Erasmus Darwin

Answer 1

D Erasmus Darwin

Question 2

What were Lamarck’s two type of animal forces?

Answer 2

Complexifying force
Adapting force

Question 3

What was the name of Charles Darwin’s ship which he joined in 1831as a naturalist?
A HMS Eagle B HMS Seagull C HMS Beagle D HMS Bugle

Answer 3

C HMS Beagle

Question 4

Whose essay did Darwin read which inspired his idea that animals compete for resources?

Answer 4

Malthus

Question 5

What was the name of Darwin and Wallace’s shared paper on in 1858?

Answer 5

Natural means of selection

Question 6

Darwin’s natural selection suggests that what type of organisms are more likely to reproduce?

Answer 6

Organisms best adapted to the environment

Question 7

Human life has been evolving for approximately ___________ billion years, with humans and chimps sharing a common ancestor around _________ million years ago

Answer 7

4 billion and 6 billion

Question 8

Ethology is the study of _________

Answer 8

animal behaviour

Question 9

What are the 4 main studied topics in ethology?

Answer 9

Aggression/instinct
Learning
Mating
Social groups

Question 10

What were Tinbergen’s 4 questions of animal behaviour, and what do they mean?

Answer 10

Function - how is it adaptive
Evolution - how did it come about (phylogeny)
Causation - the causal mechanisms
Development - how does it change over animals life (ontogeny)

Question 11

Tinbergen studied _________, Lorenz studied _________, and Von Frisch studied_______

Answer 11

Tin = stickleback fish
Lor = geese
Von frisch = bees

Question 12

Which of Darwin’s texts contained psychological theory?
A Origin of species B Descent of man C The expressions of emotion in man and animal D Both b and c

Answer 12

D both b and c

Question 13

What three areas of psychology did Darwin study?

Answer 13

Language
Sexual selection
Facial expressions

Question 14

Inter sexual selection refers to competition _____________, whereas intra sexual selection refers to competition ___________.

Answer 14

inter = between sexes
intra = within sexes

Question 15

Which phrase did Galton ( Darwin’s cousin) coin?

Answer 15

nature vs nurture

Question 16

William James focused on the adaptive function of __________

Answer 16

consciousness

Question 17

Galton argues that what aspect of humans was inherited?

Answer 17

Intelligence

Question 18

To study inheritance traits Galton used what technique?
A Surveys B Photographs from childhood C Measuring peoples bodily charactersitics D none of the above

Answer 18

C measuring

Question 19

According to Freud what are the 2 basic drives?

Answer 19

Eros (sexual)
Thanatos (death)

Question 20

What were Freud’s 3 components of personality?

Answer 20

Ego = reality principle/negotiator
Id = pleasure principle/impulse
Superego = societal pressures/duty

Question 21

What were Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development?

Answer 21

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

Question 22

Improper treatment of psychosexual stage needs can lead to ___________ which affect future behaviours

Answer 22

fixation

Question 23

Name some of freud’s defence mechanisms?

Answer 23

displacement
repression
regression
denial
projection

Question 24

The complex for girls is known as the ___________ complex characterized by ___________, whereas the complex for boys is the ___________ complex characterized by ___________

Answer 24

Electra = penis envy
Oedipus = castration anxiety

Question 25

What is the term given to the releasing of emotion from unconscious to conscious in psychoanalysis?

Answer 25

Abreaction

Question 26

To study peoples subconscious Freud analyzed what 3 main things?

Answer 26

Dream contents
Slips of the tongue
free association

Question 27

Popper criticised the lack of ____________ of Freud’s theories

Answer 27

Falsifiability