Evolution, Psychology and Freud Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of Charles Darwin’s grandfather who first talked of evolution?
A Ernest Darwin B Ebenezer Darwin C Ephraim Darwin D Erasmus Darwin

A

D Erasmus Darwin

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2
Q

What were Lamarck’s two type of animal forces?

A

Complexifying force
Adapting force

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3
Q

What was the name of Charles Darwin’s ship which he joined in 1831as a naturalist?
A HMS Eagle B HMS Seagull C HMS Beagle D HMS Bugle

A

C HMS Beagle

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4
Q

Whose essay did Darwin read which inspired his idea that animals compete for resources?

A

Malthus

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5
Q

What was the name of Darwin and Wallace’s shared paper on in 1858?

A

Natural means of selection

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6
Q

Darwin’s natural selection suggests that what type of organisms are more likely to reproduce?

A

Organisms best adapted to the environment

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7
Q

Human life has been evolving for approximately ___________ billion years, with humans and chimps sharing a common ancestor around _________ million years ago

A

4 billion and 6 billion

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8
Q

Ethology is the study of _________

A

animal behaviour

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9
Q

What are the 4 main studied topics in ethology?

A

Aggression/instinct
Learning
Mating
Social groups

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10
Q

What were Tinbergen’s 4 questions of animal behaviour, and what do they mean?

A

Function - how is it adaptive
Evolution - how did it come about (phylogeny)
Causation - the causal mechanisms
Development - how does it change over animals life (ontogeny)

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11
Q

Tinbergen studied _________, Lorenz studied _________, and Von Frisch studied_______

A

Tin = stickleback fish
Lor = geese
Von frisch = bees

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12
Q

Which of Darwin’s texts contained psychological theory?
A Origin of species B Descent of man C The expressions of emotion in man and animal D Both b and c

A

D both b and c

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13
Q

What three areas of psychology did Darwin study?

A

Language
Sexual selection
Facial expressions

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14
Q

Inter sexual selection refers to competition _____________, whereas intra sexual selection refers to competition ___________.

A

inter = between sexes
intra = within sexes

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15
Q

Which phrase did Galton ( Darwin’s cousin) coin?

A

nature vs nurture

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16
Q

William James focused on the adaptive function of __________

A

consciousness

17
Q

Galton argues that what aspect of humans was inherited?

A

Intelligence

18
Q

To study inheritance traits Galton used what technique?
A Surveys B Photographs from childhood C Measuring peoples bodily charactersitics D none of the above

A

C measuring

19
Q

According to Freud what are the 2 basic drives?

A

Eros (sexual)
Thanatos (death)

20
Q

What were Freud’s 3 components of personality?

A

Ego = reality principle/negotiator
Id = pleasure principle/impulse
Superego = societal pressures/duty

21
Q

What were Freud’s 5 stages of psychosexual development?

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital

22
Q

Improper treatment of psychosexual stage needs can lead to ___________ which affect future behaviours

A

fixation

23
Q

Name some of freud’s defence mechanisms?

A

displacement
repression
regression
denial
projection

24
Q

The complex for girls is known as the ___________ complex characterized by ___________, whereas the complex for boys is the ___________ complex characterized by ___________

A

Electra = penis envy
Oedipus = castration anxiety

25
Q

What is the term given to the releasing of emotion from unconscious to conscious in psychoanalysis?

A

Abreaction

26
Q

To study peoples subconscious Freud analyzed what 3 main things?

A

Dream contents
Slips of the tongue
free association

27
Q

Popper criticised the lack of ____________ of Freud’s theories

A

Falsifiability