Epistemology and Early Psychology

Question 1

Epistemology is the philosophy of ___________

Answer 1

knowledge

Question 2

Rationalism states that knowledge is __________- derived from _______, whereas Empiricism says that knowledge is gained ______________

Answer 2

Rationalism = innate from reason
Empiricism = via sense experience

Question 3

Rationalists say that ideas originate from what three sources?

Answer 3

Innate (already there)
From God
From pure reason

Question 4

In Ancient philosophy, the Rationalist approach was proposed by _________-, whereas empiricism comes from _________

Answer 4

Plato = rationalism
Aristotle = empiricism

Question 5

Descartes uses the example of _______ or ________ to show that knowledge can be innate

Answer 5

God and Candles

Question 6

John Locke argued that although the mind is a _________, we are provided with __________ to deal with sensory experience

Answer 6

Mind = tabla rusa, but still have internal machinery

Question 7

What are Locke’s three ways of associating ideas?

Answer 7

Combination
Relation
Generalisation

Question 8

Hume distinguished between what 2 types of sense experience?

Answer 8

Ideas and impressions

Question 9

According to Hume, impressions are basic ________-, whereas ideas are memories of _________

Answer 9

Impressions = perceptions
Ideas = memory of impressions recalled later

Question 10

Bundle theory suggests that we combine ideas to form ___________

Answer 10

complex ideas

Question 11

Hume’s fork defines relations of ideas as _______, and matters of fact as _________

Answer 11

Basic necessary truths
Evidence based truths (senses)

Question 12

If complex ideas cannot be ______________________________ it has no meaning

Answer 12

broken down into / traced back to their original impressions

Question 13

Hume’s radical skepticism argued we have no proof of what four things?

Answer 13

the self
God
cause and effect
inductive based reasoning

Question 14

Leibniz criticsed the empiricist idea of __________-, and Descarte’s __________

Answer 14

tabla rusa
descarte’s dualism/rationalism

Question 15

Kant defined noumena as ________________, and phenomena as ____________

Answer 15

N = the world as it really is (reality)
P = our experience of the world

Question 16

Kant distinguished between _______ knowledge and _______ knowledge

Answer 16

Synthetic and Analytic

Question 17

Analytic statements are ___________, and Synthetic statements provide __________

Answer 17

Analytic = necessary truths
Synthetic = new knoledge

Question 18

True or false, there cannot be a priori synthetic statements

Answer 18

False

Question 19

A priori synthetic statements such as time and space are purely ______________

Answer 19

Mental constructs

Question 20

Natural philosophy is also known as the (3)____________

Answer 20

Natural Sciences

Question 21

Physiognomy was the belief that a _________

Answer 21

persons character can be read in their face

Question 22

Phrenology is the idea that a persons character is related to __________________________

Answer 22

the shape of their skull

Question 23

The natural sciences (natural philosophy) were first studied by ___________
A Einstein B Aristotle C Plato D Newton

Answer 23

D Newton

Question 24

Physiognomy is still relevant today in terms of ___________________

Answer 24

Face detection technology

Question 25

Phrenology was an early predecessor to what theory in psychology?

Answer 25

Brain Localisation

Question 26

Psychophysics is the study of the mathematical laws which relate ___________ quantities to ___________ quantities

Answer 26

Psychic to physical

Question 27

Weber’s Psychophysical methods include what 3 techniques?

Answer 27

Two-point localisation threshold
Discrimation threshold (just noticeable different)
Psychophysical laws

Question 28

Across the body, the two point threshold was _____mm on fingers, but up to _____mm on legs

Answer 28

1-2 mm on fingers
50mm on legs

Question 29

Fechner extended Weber’s work on touch to _______ and ______ vision

Answer 29

sound and vision

Question 30

Wundt’s voluntarism suggests that consciousness is an________ process

Answer 30

active

Question 31

Tichener broke down consciousness into how many elements?

Answer 31

44,000