Evolution/natural selection Flashcards

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1
Q

Variation comes from…

A

-crossing over
-mutations
-random changes to DNA
-environmental damage
-genetic recombination

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2
Q

when humans select traits beneficial to them in other species- influencing/altering the offsprings of that species

A

Artificial selection

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3
Q

migration of organisms into or out of the population

A

gene flow

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4
Q

random chance that particular genes disappear (only happens in a small population)

A

genetic drift

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5
Q

-type of genetic drift
-the reduction in variation that occurs when a small group of individuals become separated from a larger population

A

founder effect

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6
Q

-type of genetic drift
-the way in which a reduction and subsequent increase in a population’s size affects the distribution of genetic variation

A

bottleneck effect

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7
Q

-type of natural selection
-one of the extremes is favored and the population shifts in one direction

A

directional selection

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8
Q

-type of natural selection
-the intermediate is favored and population shifts away from the extremes

A

stabilizing selection

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9
Q

-type of natural selection
-two extremes are favored and the intermediate is selected against

A

disruptive selection

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10
Q

-type of natural selection
-keeps the recessive allele in the population; heterozygote has the adaptation

A

heterozygote advantage

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11
Q

this guy used math to calculate changes in allele frequencies over time

A

Hardy Weinburg

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12
Q

-hypothetical, non-evolving population
-measures if evolution is occurring

A

Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium

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13
Q

a localized group of interbreeding individuals

A

population

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14
Q

a collection of alleles in the population

A

gene pool

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15
Q

how common that allele is in the population

A

allele frequency

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16
Q

shows links between ancestors and modern organisms

A

transitional species

17
Q

age of fossils based according to their location in strata

A

relative dating

18
Q

analyzing the amount of radioactive isotopes found in the fossil

A

absolute dating

19
Q

-body parts with similar structure but possible different function
-shows common ancestry

A

homologous structures

20
Q

remnants of structures that were functional

A

vestigal organs

21
Q

all vertebrates have the same basic pattern of development

A

embryological development