Evolution/natural selection Flashcards
Variation comes from…
-crossing over
-mutations
-random changes to DNA
-environmental damage
-genetic recombination
when humans select traits beneficial to them in other species- influencing/altering the offsprings of that species
Artificial selection
migration of organisms into or out of the population
gene flow
random chance that particular genes disappear (only happens in a small population)
genetic drift
-type of genetic drift
-the reduction in variation that occurs when a small group of individuals become separated from a larger population
founder effect
-type of genetic drift
-the way in which a reduction and subsequent increase in a population’s size affects the distribution of genetic variation
bottleneck effect
-type of natural selection
-one of the extremes is favored and the population shifts in one direction
directional selection
-type of natural selection
-the intermediate is favored and population shifts away from the extremes
stabilizing selection
-type of natural selection
-two extremes are favored and the intermediate is selected against
disruptive selection
-type of natural selection
-keeps the recessive allele in the population; heterozygote has the adaptation
heterozygote advantage
this guy used math to calculate changes in allele frequencies over time
Hardy Weinburg
-hypothetical, non-evolving population
-measures if evolution is occurring
Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium
a localized group of interbreeding individuals
population
a collection of alleles in the population
gene pool
how common that allele is in the population
allele frequency
