Evolution/natural selection

Question 1

Variation comes from…

Answer 1

-crossing over
-mutations
-random changes to DNA
-environmental damage
-genetic recombination

Question 2

when humans select traits beneficial to them in other species- influencing/altering the offsprings of that species

Answer 2

Artificial selection

Question 3

migration of organisms into or out of the population

Answer 3

gene flow

Question 4

random chance that particular genes disappear (only happens in a small population)

Answer 4

genetic drift

Question 5

-type of genetic drift
-the reduction in variation that occurs when a small group of individuals become separated from a larger population

Answer 5

founder effect

Question 6

-type of genetic drift
-the way in which a reduction and subsequent increase in a population’s size affects the distribution of genetic variation

Answer 6

bottleneck effect

Question 7

-type of natural selection
-one of the extremes is favored and the population shifts in one direction

Answer 7

directional selection

Question 8

-type of natural selection
-the intermediate is favored and population shifts away from the extremes

Answer 8

stabilizing selection

Question 9

-type of natural selection
-two extremes are favored and the intermediate is selected against

Answer 9

disruptive selection

Question 10

-type of natural selection
-keeps the recessive allele in the population; heterozygote has the adaptation

Answer 10

heterozygote advantage

Question 11

this guy used math to calculate changes in allele frequencies over time

Answer 11

Hardy Weinburg

Question 12

-hypothetical, non-evolving population
-measures if evolution is occurring

Answer 12

Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium

Question 13

a localized group of interbreeding individuals

Answer 13

population

Question 14

a collection of alleles in the population

Answer 14

gene pool

Question 15

how common that allele is in the population

Answer 15

allele frequency

Question 16

shows links between ancestors and modern organisms

Answer 16

transitional species

Question 17

age of fossils based according to their location in strata

Answer 17

relative dating

Question 18

analyzing the amount of radioactive isotopes found in the fossil

Answer 18

absolute dating

Question 19

-body parts with similar structure but possible different function
-shows common ancestry

Answer 19

homologous structures

Question 20

remnants of structures that were functional

Answer 20

vestigal organs

Question 21

all vertebrates have the same basic pattern of development

Answer 21

embryological development