Cellular Respiration

Question 1

cells harvest chemical energy stored in organic molecules and use it to generate ATP

Answer 1

cellular respiration

Question 2

a major source of fuel for animals

Answer 2

starch

Question 3

-starting point of cellular respiration
-occurs in the cytosol
-splits glucose into 2 pyruvates

Answer 3

glycolysis

Question 4

-a stage in glycolysis
-the cell uses ATP to phosphorylate compounds of glucose

Answer 4

energy investment stage

Question 5

-a stage in glycolysis
-energy is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 5

energy payoff stage

Question 6

-if oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondria
-pyruvate is oxidized into Acetyl CoA

Answer 6

pyruvate oxidation

Question 7

used to make citrate in the citric acid cycle

Answer 7

Acetyl CoA

Question 8

-occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
-turns Acetyl CoA into citrate
-releases CO2
-ATP is synthesized
-electrons transferred to NADH and FADH2- makes 2 ATP

Answer 8

citric acid cycle

Question 9

consists of:
-electron transport chain
-chemiosmosis

Answer 9

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 10

-its function is to create a proton (H+) gradient across the membrane
-as protons shuttle electrons along the ______, they also pump H+ into the intermembrane space
-Using the exergonic flow of electrons from NADH and FADH2
-This gradient will power chemiosmosis
-Uses hydrogen ions to power cellular work

Answer 10

electron transport chain

Question 11

-the energy that makes ATP from ADP+P
-uses energy from the H+ gradient across the membrane
-same process as in the light reactions in photosynthesis

Answer 11

ATP synthase

Question 12

-H+ ions flow down their gradient through ATP
-produces about 26-28 ATP per glucose

Answer 12

chemiosmosis

Question 13

the process in which an atom or ion loses one or more electrons

Answer 13

oxidation

Question 14

the process in which an atom or ion gains one or more electrons

Answer 14

reduction