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AP Biology > Cells and Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Cells and Cell Organelles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

-simpler and smaller than the other type of cells
-no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
-DNA is in nucleoid
-contains: nucleoid, ribosomes, cell wall, capsule, membrane, flagella, cytoplasm

A

prokaryotic cells

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2
Q

organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

A

eukaryotic cells

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3
Q

-contains nucleolus and most of a cell’s DNA
-enclosed by the nuclear envelope which is a double membrane and contains nuclear pores that allow substances in and out via pores

A

nucleus

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4
Q

-produces ribosomes
-there can be several in a single nucleus

A

nucleolus

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5
Q

-made up of rRNA and proteins
-they carry out protein synthesis
-can be found in cytosol and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

ribosomes

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6
Q

-synthesis and transport of lipids through the cells
-detoxification of drugs and poisons

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

-folds the protein into its functional shape and transports it through the cell

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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8
Q

-mainly used for receiving, sorting, and shipping proteins
-many can be found in cells that specialize in secretion

A

golgi body

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9
Q

-contain hydrolytic enzymes that animal cells use to digest macromolecules
-they also digest damaged organelles

A

lysosomes

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10
Q

-storage

A

vacuoles

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11
Q

-type of vacuole
-stores food

A

food vacuoles

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12
Q

-type of vacuole
-has freshwater protists: they pump out excess water to maintain the proper ion concentration within the cell

A

contractile vacuoles

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13
Q

-type of vacuole
-storage of inorganic ions- plays a role in the growth of plants by absorbing water

A

central vacuole

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14
Q

site of cellular respiration to generate ATP

A

mitochondria

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15
Q

-site of photosynthesis
-found in plant cells

A

chloroplast

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16
Q

hydrogen peroxide is toxic, so it contains enzyme that convert it to water

A

peroxisome

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17
Q

-functions: shapes/supports the cell, guide movement of organelles, and separates chromosomes during cell division

A

cytoskeleton

18
Q

are the thickest of the 3 components of the cytoskeleton

A

microtubules

19
Q

-also called actin filaments
-are the thinnest components of the cytoskeleton

A

microfilaments

20
Q

-fibers with diameters in a middle range
-a components of the cytoskeleton

A

intermediate filaments

21
Q

-in animal cells
-aids in cell division

A

centrosomes and centrioles

22
Q

short hairs

A

cilia

23
Q

long whip-like tail

A

flagella

24
Q

-made up of cellulose
-protects cell
-prevents excessive uptake of water
-in plant cells, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists

A

cell wall

25
Q

channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells

A

plasmodesmata

26
Q

-made up of glycoproteins: collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin
-proteins in this bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

27
Q

-has phosphate heads
-has fatty acid tails
-arranged as a bilayer
-fluid mosaic model

A

phospholipids in the cell membrane

28
Q

fancy words for a membrane that stuff can flow throughout

A

fluid mosaic model

29
Q

-separates living cell from aqueous environment

A

cell membrane

30
Q

water channel in bacteria/all organisms

A

aquaporin

31
Q

-a type of membrane protein
-only on one side of the membrane

A

peripheral proteins

32
Q

-a type of membrane protein
-goes through the membrane

A

integral proteins

33
Q

-they participate in cell recognition and adhesion (either cell-cell signaling or cell-pathogen interactions)
-they have a structural role as a physical barrier

A

membrane carbohydrates

34
Q

-the movement of molecules from high to low concentration (nonpolar/hydrophobic molecules)
-doesn’t need energy

A

simple diffusion

35
Q

diffusion of water

A

osmosis

36
Q

more solute

A

hypertonic

37
Q

less solute

A

hypotonic

38
Q

equal solute

A

isotonic

39
Q

-diffusion through protein channels
-channels move specific molecules across cell membrane
-no energy needed

A

facilitated diffusion

40
Q

-cells move molecules across the concentration gradient
-happens through a protein pump
-requires energy

A

active transport

41
Q

the measure of the number of solute particles in a solution

A

osmolarity

42
Q

the potential for water to move away from something

A

water potential

AP Biology (10 decks)

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