Enzyme shtufffff Flashcards
all the chemical reactions in an organism
metabolism
putting together reactions
anabolic reactions
breaking apart reactions
catabolic reactions
-glucose monomers join to form the polymer starch through this process
-loss of molecule/s of water
dehydration synthesis
-breaking down complex carbs into simple sugars through this process
-adds water molecule/s
hydrolysis
a chemical reaction that releases energy
exergonic
a chemical reaction that requires an input of energy
endergonic
where does energy come from
combination exergonic/endergonic reactions
breaking down large molecules requires this initial input of energy
activation energy
reduces the amount of energy to start a reaction
catalysts
-biological catalysts
-made of proteins
-facilitate chemical reactions
-increasing rate of reaction without being consumed
-reduce activation energy
enzymes
reactant which binds to an enzyme
substrate
temporary association of the enzyme and the substrate
enzyme-substrate complex
end result of reaction
product
-enzyme’s catalytic site
-place where substrate fits into active site
active site
-substrate-binding causes the enzyme to shape leading to a tighter fit
-induced fit model
active site orients substrates in the correct position for reaction
synthesis
active site binds substrate and puts stress on bonds that must be broken, making it easier to separate molecules
digestion
the more the enzymes in a concentration…
the higher the reaction
the temperature with the greatest number of molecular collisions occurs at
optimum T
-adds or removes H+
-disrupts bonds
pH
-adds or removes cations and anions
-disrupts bonds
Salt concentration
molecules that reduce enzyme activity
inhibitors
-competes against substrates
-can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration
competitive inhibitor
-binds to a site that isn’t the active site
-still decreases enzyme reactions
-bonds to the allosteric site
-changes enzyme shape
noncompetitive inhibitor
regulation and coordination of production
feedback inhibition
