DNA stuff Flashcards
spot where transcription ends
terminator
-spot where transcription begins
-RNA polymerase binding site
promoter
-on/off switch
-DNA binding site of repressor protein
operator
-first step in gene expression
-it involves copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule
-three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination
transcription
-step in transcription
-involves copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule
-once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands
initiation
-step in transcription
-the template strand acts as a template for RNA polymerase
-it “reads” this template one base at a time, the polymerase builds an RNA molecule out of complementary nucleotides, making a chain that grows from 5’ to 3’
-RNA transcript carries the same information as the non-template (coding) strand of DNA, but it contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)
elongation
-step in transcription
-sequences signal that RNA transcript is complete
-once transcribed, they cause the transcript to be released from the RNA polymerase
termination
the mRNA is “decoded” to build a protein (or a chunk/subunit of a protein) that contains a specific series of amino acids
translation
zips open DNA
helicase
prevents DNA from getting tangled
topoisomerase
helps give structure to DNA strands getting unzipped by helicase- it aids in pulling the strands apart
SSBP
-expendable, non-coding sequences at ends of DNA
-TTAGGG in humans
-prevalent in cancers
telomeres
helps make new strand of DNA
DNA Polymerase III
-type of mutation
-single base change
-base-pair substitution
point mutations
-type of point mutation
-no amino acid change
-redundancy in code
silent mutation
