Evolution/Ecology

Question 1

What determines the fitness of the organism?

Answer 1

The number of surviving offspring the organism has.

Question 2

What is the mechanism/driving force for evolution?

Answer 2

Genetic Variations (Mutations) and Competition.

Question 3

How does the Fossil Record provide evidence for evolution?

Answer 3

It shows an organism lived, it shows changes in the body, and shows how life became more complex. It establishes a timeline. The same fossils are found on different continents.

Question 4

According to the Primordial Soup Theory, how did life begin?

Answer 4

Volcanic vents at the bottom of the ocean provide heat. Lighting storms on the surface provide energy. In the ocean, there were the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxegen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. These elements combined into Nucleic acid, amino acid, and lipids, evetually creating life.

Question 5

What was early earth like?

Answer 5

The ocean was warm because of volcanic vents and there were lighting storms in the air.

Question 6

Summarize the endosymbiont theory.

Answer 6

Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes. Small bacteria lived in larger bacteria, the small bacteria eventually became organelles.

Question 7

Eukaryote

Answer 7

After Nucleus.

Question 8

Prokaryote

Answer 8

Before Nucleus.

Question 9

Embryology

Answer 9

Studies how creatures develop in the womb.

Question 10

Homology

Answer 10

The study of homolgus Structures.

Question 11

Homologus Structures

Answer 11

Similair structures shared among different groups.

Question 12

Analagus Structures

Answer 12

Body parts that are similar in funcition but different in structure.

Question 13

Vestigial Structures

Answer 13

Remnants of functional structures.

Question 14

Cladogram

Answer 14

Shows how different creatures might be related, based off of physical traits.

Question 15

Phylogenetic Tree

Answer 15

Shows how different creatures are related, based off genetics.
More accurate than a Cladogram.

Question 16

Gene Flow

Answer 16

The migration of genetic material from one population to another.

Question 17

Gene Drift

Answer 17

Founder affect, Bottleneck affect.

Question 18

Founder Affect

Answer 18

A small group splits off from the main population and starts a new colony somewhere else. Because there are fewer allels in the new colony, the members of it will end up genetically similar.

Question 19

Bottleneck Affect

Answer 19

A lager number of the population dies, reducing population size. Because there are only a few survivors, there is less variation.

Question 20

Why won’t recessive alleles be selected out?

Answer 20

Because of Heterozygotes, who have both a dominant and recessive allele.

Question 21

What is Speciation?

Answer 21

The evolution of a new species.

Question 22

How does reproductive isolation lead to speciation?

Answer 22

A group is isolated from the rest of the population for so long that their genes change, leading to a new species.

Question 23

Behavioral Isolation

Answer 23

Distinct mating rituals.

Question 24

Temporal Isolation

Answer 24

Different breeding seasons.

Question 25

Mechanical Isolation

Answer 25

Reproductive organs aren’t compatible.

Question 26

Habitat Isolation

Answer 26

Live in same general area, but not the same kinds of places.

Question 27

Genetic Isolation

Answer 27

DNA siganls do not match.

Question 28

What is an issue hybrids face?

Answer 28

Reduced Fertility.

Question 29

Evolution

Answer 29

How a species changes over time.

Question 30

Natural Selection

Answer 30

The mechanism through which a species changes over time.

Question 31

Which came first? RNA or DNA?

Answer 31

RNA evolved before DNA.

Question 32

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 32

Geographical barrier that prevents mating.