Cell division/DNA RNA Proteins

Question 1

3 parts of Interphase

Answer 1

G1- Growth phase 1, S - Synthesis, G2 - Growth Phase 2

Question 2

G1 - Growth Phase 1

Answer 2

Growth of cell and everyday cell activities.

Question 3

S - Synthesis

Answer 3

DNA is replicated.

Question 4

G2 - Growth Phase 2

Answer 4

Cell grows again in preparation for mitosis.

Question 5

M - Mitosis Phase

Answer 5

Propahse, Metapahse, Anaphase, Telophase.

Question 6

G1 Checkpoint

Answer 6

The most important checkpoint, Checks for cell size, nutrients, growth factors, DNA damage, space.

Question 7

G2 Checkpoint

Answer 7

Checks for cell size and wether or not DNA replication is complete.

Question 8

M Checkpoint

Answer 8

Checks for chromosome attatchment to spindle fibers.

Question 9

Which Phase is not a part of Mitosis?

Answer 9

Interphase - Not dividing

Question 10

When does cytokinesis occur?

Answer 10

At the same time as Telophase.

Question 11

How is cytokinesis different in Plants and Animals?

Answer 11

Plants - Cell plate, after telophase, cut apart
Animals - divison of cytoplasm, during telophase, pull apart

Question 12

Whuch part of the cell phase takes the longest to occur?

Answer 12

Interphase.

Question 13

What part of the cell cycle do cancer cells spend most of their time in?

Answer 13

Mitosis.

Question 14

What part of the cell cycle do normal cells spend most of their time in?

Answer 14

Interphase.

Question 15

Density-dependent Inhibition

Answer 15

Contact Inhibition, When there is not enough space to divide and cells are pressing against each other, the cells will receive a signal that stops mitosis.

Question 16

Meiosis

Answer 16

A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms.

Question 17

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

Answer 17

To reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes and genetic variation.

Question 18

What is a Nucleotide?

Answer 18

A piece or “building block” of DNA.

Question 19

What are the 3 parts of a Nucleotide?

Answer 19

Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenus Base.

Question 20

What are the 4 Nitrogenus Bases of DNA?

Answer 20

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine.

Question 21

What are the base pairing rules for DNA bases?

Answer 21

Adenine goes with Thymine. Guanine goes with Cytosine.

Question 22

Helicase

Answer 22

Enzymes, breaks DNA strands apart by destroying hydrogen bonds.

Question 23

Primase

Answer 23

Adds RNA strip called a “Primer”, this primer shows DNA Polymerase where to begin replication.

Question 24

DNA Polymerase

Answer 24

Enzyme. Adds free Nucleotides to exsposed bases.

Question 25

Topoisomerase

Answer 25

Cuts DNA apart to relax the molecule and prevent a super coil.

Question 26

DNA Ligase

Answer 26

'Glues' the strands together.

Question 27

Transcription

Answer 27

RNA is built with DNA acting as a template

Question 28

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 28

In the nucleus.

Question 29

Translation

Answer 29

RNA acts as a template for the building of a protein.

Question 30

Where does Translation Occur?

Answer 30

In the ribosomes.

Question 31

mRNA

Answer 31

Messenger, Carries info. from DNA (nucleus) to the ribosomes.

Question 32

tRNA

Answer 32

Transfer, Molecules that bind to specific amino acids and allow info. in the mRNA to be translated into a linear peptide sequence.

Question 33

rRNA

Answer 33

Ribosomal, Molecules that are functional building blocks of ribosomes.

Question 34

RNAi

Answer 34

Interfference, Inhibits gene expression by destroying RNA molecules.

Question 35

What are the 4 nitrogenus bases of RNA?

Answer 35

Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, Cytosine.

Question 36

What are the base pairing rules of RNA?

Answer 36

Adenine goes with Uracil, in place of Thymine. Guanine goes with Cytosine.

Question 37

How is mRNA processed before it leaves the nucleus?

Answer 37

The Introns are removed. THe Exons are spliced toagther. GTP cap is added. Adenine tail is added.

Question 38

How is protein synthesis different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 38

Eukaryote: Introns, cap & tail, nucleus, transcription & translation occur seperatly Prokaryote: No nucleus, no introns, no cap & tail, Translation & transcription occur simultanulsy

Question 39

What determines the shape and function of a protein?

Answer 39

Order of amino acids