Evolution/ classification Flashcards
Taxon
A group in which related organisms are placed
Taxonomy
The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms
Binomial nomenclature
Identifying species by there genus and species names
Scientific name
The genus and species names f an organism make up its scientific name
Monera
All prokaryotes
Protista
Unicellular and a few simple multicellular eukaryotes
Fungi
Eukaryotic, fungi have a cell wall that contains chitin (molds, mildews, mushrooms and Yeasts)
Plantae
Multicellular eukaryotes that carry out Photosynthesis
Animalia
Most members of the animal kingdom
Dichotomous key
A tool used for identifying unfamiliar organisms
DNA function 1/3
DNA controls cellular activities including cellular respiration protein synthesis and reproduction.
2/3 DNA function
DNA makes exact copies of itself to pass onto other cells in a process called replication
3/3 DNA function
DNA undergoes mutation the recombination are the reason for life’s diversity
What are DNA and RNA made up of
Nucleotides
What is each nucleotide composed of
a pentose (5 carbon0 Sugar)
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base
What happens during unzipping
The DNA strand unwinds and the 2 strands of DNA separate ( the hydrogen bonds between the bases break apart)
What enzyme breaks apart the bases hydrogen bond
Heli case
Complementary base pairing
Free floating nucleotides move into pair up with bases of template strand of DNA
Adjacent nucleotides bond
Sugar phosphate bonds for, between adjacent nucleotides of the new strand to complete the molecule
Evolution
Change
Lamarcks theory of evolution
1 organisms always try to improve themselves and become more advanced
2 use it or loose it
3 what you have lost will carry to your offspring
Who disproved lamarcks theory
August Weismann
What did Weismann do
He cut off the tails of mice and there off spring had a tail
Divergent evolution
When isolated populations evolve
Adaptive radiation
Multiple branching of a family tree
Convergent evolution
When different types of organisms indecently evolve similar characteristics
Gene pool
The combined genetic makeup of all the members of a population
Hardy Weinberg principle
States that under certain conditions organisms will not evolve
Speciation
When one or more species evolve from a single species speciation takes place
Genetic equilibrium
The constant state of allele (trait) frequency
Darwins theory of evolution
1 are slight variations in every population
2 some variations are favorable
3 the animals that reproduce have favorable traits
4 over time slight changes occur in every population
5 more young are produced than can survive
