Evolution by Natural Selection (Part 1)

Question 1

Who published this account: “An Account of a Female of the White Race of Mankind, Part of Whose Skin Resembles that of A Negro; with Some Observations on the Causes of the Differences in Colour and Form Between the White and Negro Races of Men“ (1818)

Answer 1

William Charles Wells

Question 2

Who published this paper: On Naval Timber & Arboriculture

Answer 2

Patrick Matthew

Question 3

Characteristics of pea plants Gregor Mendel used in his inheritance experiments

Answer 3

Seed
- form (round, wrinkled)
- cotyledon (yellow, green)
Flower color
- (white, purple)
Pod
- form (full, constricted between the seeds)
- color (yellow, green)
Stem
- position of inflorescences (axial, terminal)
- size (long, short)

Question 4

selective breeding of organisms

Answer 4

Artificial Selection

Question 5

scientific name of wild tomato and domestic tomato

Answer 5

Wild tomato - Solanum pimpinellifolium
Domestic tomato - Solanum lycopersicum

Question 6

Gene on tomato fruits that limits or inhibits cell division
- increased expression results in reduced cell division

Answer 6

fw2.2 gene

Question 7

gene that influences fruit size by controlling the number of compartments in the mature fruit

Answer 7

fasciated gene (fas gene)

Question 8

Darwin’s postulates in his theory of evolution by natural selection:

Answer 8

1. The individuals within a population differ from one another.
2. The differences are, at least in part, passed from parents to offspring;
3. Some individuals are more successful at surviving and reproducing than others;
4. The successful individuals are not merely lucky; instead, they are successful because of the variant traits they have inherited and will pass to their offspring.

Question 8

the individual’s ability to survive and reproduce

Answer 8

Darwinian fitness