Evidence of Evolution in Living Species

Question 1

Ratio of Inheritance 1:2:1 means…

Answer 1

1 = Homozygous dominant
2 = Heterozygous
1 = Homozygous recessive

Question 2

Evidence of change through time

Answer 2

❑Evidence from living species
❑Evidence from the fossil record
❑Evidence of descent with modification

Question 3

Evidence of common ancestry

Answer 3

❑Phylogenetic tree/ evolutionary tree
❑Ring species
❑Homology

Question 4

what do soapberry bugs feed on

Answer 4

Balloon vine fruit

Question 5

❑Prior to 1925, soapberry bugs in Florida lived exclusively on their native host, the round capsuled balloon vine.
❑From 1926 to 1950s, gardeners in Central Florida began planting as an ornamental flora, the golden rain tree

Question 6

Soapberry bugs with short beaks live on

Answer 6

Lake Wales

Question 7

Soapberry bugs with long beaks live on

Answer 7

Key Largo

Question 8

Australian soapberry bug scientific name

Answer 8

Leptocoris tagalicus

Question 9

Australian soapberry bug’s native host in Australia

Answer 9

Alectryon tomentosus or woolly rambutan

Question 10

Balloon vine was introduced in Australia and has been spreading as an invasive weed for some 80 years. The bugs evolved significantly longer beaks than their ancestors.

Question 11

is a useless or rudimentary version of a body part that has an important function in other, closely allied species.

Answer 11

vestigial structure

Question 12

vestigial structure example in animals :
________
____
______
______

Vestigial traits at a molecular level:

❑Humans have one DNA sequence that looks like a gene for CMAH in Chromosome 6 but mutation by a 92-base-pair deletion disables it.
❑Most mammals, including primates, make CMAH in abundance, but humans cannot.
❑This CMAH deficiency has a number of proposed effects on humans, including increased brain growth and improved self-recognition by the human immune system.

Answer 12

1. Tiny, stubby wing of Northern Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli)
2. Tiny remnant of hind limb of Charina bottae (Rubber boa)
3. Tiny tail bone or Human coccyx
4. Arrector pili muscle at the base of each hair follicle in humans

Question 13

a small fish that lives in coastal waters throughout the Northern Hemisphere and readily invades freshwater (Bell and Foster, 1994)

Answer 13

Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spine stickleback)

Freshwater have no armor plating and pelvic spine while saltwater have

Question 14

Cresco et al., 2004 suggested that freshwater sticklebacks were descended from marine ancestors that had invaded lakes left by melting glaciers at the end of the last ice age.

Question 15

❑_____ Lake (Alaska) was poisoned in ______ so that it could be restocked with _____________ for recreational fishing.

❑In _____, the lake has been invaded by marine sticklebacks from nearby ______

Answer 15

Loberg
1982
trout and salmon
1988
Cook Inlet